1. Citing Textual Evidence Using MLA Format
In bEN Mikaelsen’s
Touching Spirit Bear
With Media Specialist, Mrs. Baker

2. What is MLA? MLA refers to the Modern Language Association.
Several different formats exist for citing research within a paper, such as MLA and APA.
The MLA citation method is most commonly used in English classes.

3. Citing a Book
For printed sources (books, magazines etc.) with a single named author, the in-text citation would appear as follows:
Cole Matthews illustrates his selfishness and lack of empathy when he thinks to himself “this wouldn’t have happened if Peter had kept his mouth shut”(Mikaelsen 40).
Note: There is a single space between the end quotation mark and the beginning parenthesis and between the name and page number.

4. Quote within a Quote
Examples: Cole emphasizes to the Circle, “ ‘ I am telling the truth when I say I saw a Spirit Bear’ ” (Mikaelsen 130). Edwin and Garvey challenge Cole to explain how his two days of banishment changed him, and Cole explains, “ ‘ I realized that I was dying and I had never really even lived. Nobody trusted me. I had never loved anybody, and nobody had every really loved me’ ” (Mikaelsen 132).

5. Altering Quotes to Meet Grammatical Rules
Use brackets to alter a quote so that it meets standard grammatical rules and your needs.
Example:
Cole realizes the errors of his past and that “[a]ll of his life he had squandered his choices, wallowing in revenge and self-pity, keeping himself down” (Mikaelsen 84).

6. Quotations as Textual Evidence
Quotations should be used when . .
1. the exact wording is important.
2. the quoted material helps make or support the point of the paragraph.
Example:
Cole realizes that he wants to live: “To be alive was to have choice. The power to choose was real power, not the fake power of making others afraid” (Mikaelsen 83).

7. Paraphrasing Textual Evidence
Paraphrasing should be used when . . .
1. The exact wording is not necessary to make your point.
2. You can more thoroughly explain the quote by using your own words.
Example:
After Cole is mauled by the bear and is lying in complete agony, he realizes his powerlessness to change his predicament and is overcome by loneliness (Mikaelsen 73).