1. GRAMMAR AND CONVENTIONS

2. SENTENCES There are 4 types of sentences: Simple sentences
Compound sentences
Complex sentences
Compound-complex sentences

3. SIMPLE SENTENCES
Simple sentences are sentences that have only one independent clause.
EXAMPLE:
Billy took the boys fishing after school.
Today was hot and dry.

4. COMPOUND SENTENCES
A compound sentence is a sentence made up of two or more simple sentences joined by a semicolon or a comma and the conjuctions AND, BUT, OR, NOR, FOR, SO and YET. It can contain two or more independent clauses.
EXAMPLE:
Gladis took the car to the mechanic, but she forgot to bring her checkbook.

5. COMPLEX SENTENCES
A complex sentence is a sentence containing one independent clause and one or more dependent clauses. Relative pronouns and subordinating conjuctions are used to connect the sentences together.
EXAMPLE:
Because the lobby was filled with smoke, the elderly man could not enter the building.

6. COMPOUND-COMPLEX
Compound-Complex sentences contain two or more compound sentences and one or more complex sentences.
Example:
Before we buy shoes, my mom looks for bargains, but sometimes we splurge.

7. COMMON ERRORS
SENTENCE FRAGMENTS
RUN-ON SENTENCES
COMMA SPLICES

8. SENTENCE FRAGMENTS
A SENTENCE FRAGMENT IS A COLLECTION OF WORDS THAT DOES NOT MAKE A SENTENCE
EXAMPLE:
All this year’s best peaches
The best way back to the house

9. RUN-ON SENTENCES
WHEN A COMMA IS USED IN THE PLACE OF A PERIOD, SEMICOLON, OR COMMA AND COORDINATING CONJUCTION (and but or for nor yet so) TO JOIN TWO COMPLETE SENTENCES, SOMETIMES ALL PUNCTUCATION IS OMITTED.
EXAMPLE:
Joseph went to school and the dog stayed at home

10. CORRECTING RUN-ONS USE TWO SENTENCES:
Joseph went to school. The dog stayed at home.
ADD A SEMICOLON:
Joseph went to school; the dog stayed at home.
ADD A COMMA AND COORDINATING CONJUCTION:
Joseph went to school, but the dog stayed home

11. COMMA SPLICES
PUNCTUATION ERRORS IN WHICH TWO INDEPENDENT CLAUSES ARE JOINED ONLY BY A COMMA, WITH NO COORDINATING CONJUCTION (and but or for nor yet so)
EXAMPLE:
You’re going to a concert, you can’t wear that

12. CORRECTING SPLICES USE TWO SENTENCES:
You are going to a concert. You can’t wear that.
ADD A SEMICOLON:
You are going to a concert; you can’t wear that.
ADD A COORDINATING CONJUCTION:
You are going to a concert, but you can’t wear that.
MAKE THE CLAUSES DEPENDENT
You are going to a concert, you’d better not wear that.

13. PUNCTUATION
COMMAS
QUOTATION MARKS
COLONS
SEMICOLONS
END PUNCTUATION

14. COMMAS SEPARATE INDEPENDENT CLAUSES RESTRICTIVE PHRASES DIRECT ADDRESS
BEFORE AND AFTER QUOTATIONS
BETWEEN THE DATE AND YEAR
AFTER STREET ADDRESS AND P.O. BOX

15. QUOTATION MARKS
SIGNIFY A DIRECT QUOTATION AND INCLUDE PUNCTUATION MARKS INSIDE THEM

16. COLONS SEPARATE SERIES CLAUSES INDEPENDENT CLAUSES
USED IN TIME-KEEPING

17. SEMICOLONS SPLIT INDEPENDENT CLAUSES THAT ARE:
JOINED BY SENTENCE INTERRUPTORS
JOINED BY COMMAS

18. END PUNCTUATION
PERIODS
EXCLAMATION POINTS
QUESTION MARKS