1. PRESENTATION ON “SKYBUS TECHNOLOGY”

2. CONTENTS INTRODUCTION LITERATURE REVIEW COMPONENTS Skyway Skybogie
Skycoaches
Skystations
SWITCHING ARRANGEMENTS
SALIENT FEATURES
WORKING PRINCIPLE
SAFETY FEATURES
ADVANTAGES
SUMMARY
REFERENCES

3. INTRODUCTION Sky bus moves people and cargo too!
At 100 kmph along existing way & aesthetically,without demanding road space!
At one-fourth cost & up and ready in two years
Futuristic automated driver –less operations
The fixed structure at 8 m height above road level.
Aesthetic and eco-friendly,

4. the Sky Bus can never derail, capsize nor collide- by design as well as by construction, hence is safer than existing rail-based system.
Having no points and no crossings, it is a unique mass-transit system, which can be put up within two years in any crowded & congested city.
Sky Bus metro falls under tramway category, under Art 366(20) of Constitution of India, since it operates along existing roadways and within municipal limits, hence excluded from Indian railway act.

5. LITERATURE REVIEW
Sky Bus is based on the concept of Sky Wheels presented in 1989.
Presented at the World Congress for Railway Research by Mr.B Rajaram, ManagingDirector of KRCL at Bologna University,Italy.
Skybus system similars to SchwebebahnWuppertal or HBahn systems in Germany.
A 1.6 km test track in Margao, Goa started trials in 2004, but on 25September, one employee was killed and three injured in an accident when the coaches hit the concrete track pillars.
The test track was supposed to be extended to 10.5 km, but no progress has been made since the accident, and the system has not been adopted anywhere else in India.

6. COMPONENTS
1.SKYWAY:
It consists of a concrete box structure 8.4 X 2.4 m. carried over a series of piers at a height of m. above the existing road level.
In the middle of the way, pile foundations support 1m diameter columns of 8 m. height with a spacing of 15 m all along the way.
It has two heavy kg / Metre rails fixed with appropriate fastenings within the concrete box support at standard gauge that guide the sky bogie.
There are no points & crossings.

7. 2.SKY BOGIE:
Standard two axle bogies can be used for speeds of 100 kmph (can also have higher speeds if required,upto 160 kmph) of standard gauge.
Linear Induction motor technology is incorporated with 4 th rail driving, which is above the bogie and 3 phase AC motors with regenerative power capability are used.
Third Rail is used for current collection.
Braking: Bogie is mounted,3 levels of braking namely,
1.Regenerative disc brakes
2.Emergency mechanical brakes are provide to ensure the safety.

8. 3.SKY COACHES:
Controlled banking on curves is possible. Curves with radii of 50 m. can be negotiated.
The coaches are air conditioned and fixed with automatic doors.
They have audio visual information to assist the passengers.
They also have special 4 m. wide sliding doors for quick entry and exit of passengers.
Each pair of coaches carries 300 persons and service every one minute or 30 seconds is possible.
Controlled banking on curves is possible. Curves with radii of 50 m. can be negotiated.
The coaches are air conditioned and fixed with automatic doors.
They have audio visu

9. 4.SKY STATIONS:
Unlike conventional mass transit systems, Sky Bus needs smaller stations about 50 mt. long.
Stations are available at every 1 km.From up line to down line the Station provides natural access, which is easy.
Service is available at every 30 seconds or1 minute,which means virtually no waiting time for passengers.
Totally automated without drivers, access control is electronic by prepaid cards being swiped in.
Stations act only as an access facility, and not as passenger holding area.

10. SWITCHING ARRANGEMENTS
Switching arrangement is in the form of Traverser or Y-Connection.
Track changes and reversal for the Skybuses at terminal points, to change tracks happens through traversers mechanical auto driven systems.
Arrangement is the system which automatically shifts the sky bus units for balancing the loads/ changing routes too as well as shift units to depot lines etc.

11. SALIENT FEATURES
Standard Gauge Rail tracks :60 kg rails fitted with double elastic fastenings.
Driving bogies;
1.100 kmph standard gauge 12 ton/14 ton axle load powered bogies.
2.4x110/115 Kw asynchronous 3 ph AC motors with power-regeneration capable of peak 1.3m/sec/sec acceleration.
Braking: Electrical re-generative braking, coupled with compressed air disk mechanical brakes.
 Easy Access: Access from existing footpaths, climb limited to 6 m for passengers within 500 to 600m from wherever you are on the roadway.

12. Train unit: Each train unit 20m long with two driving bogies the coach divided into 9.5 m long buses connected through vestibule door
Capacity of 20m long train unit: Each Skybus unit 20m long having two compartments,can carry almost 400 persons at 7 persons/sq.m density peak. The 20 m units can also be attached to form a 3 unit, 60m long train of 1200 persons capacity.
Signal & train control: Simple three aspect signal system driven by line of sight by motorman, with additional unique safety layer of Raksha Kabach, capable of providing 40 sec headway- but planned 60 sec.
Route Capacity: A Sky bus route can thus be designed even at 60 sec headway, to carry 20,000 to 70,000 passengers per hour per direction in peak period.

13. Safety Certification for Public carriage: Will carry international class safety certification by renowned world class safety certifiers.
Land requirements for route, stations and at depot:Typical road widths normally of 10m all along and at station locations 20m width for 60m length desirable.
Depots will be outside the urban areas, needing about 25 hectares land for services for every 10 km route.
 Cargo handling capability:Cargo of standard containers are automatically delivered and cleared into and out of city.
Crushing load for under frame: Under frame- fit to take crush loads of regular main line coaches- more than 70t.

14. Power requirements: Typically for tropical climate conditions, for a module of 10 km route, 15 MW power needed covering traction services comfort air-conditioning loads at stations.
Quality of service and pricing:
1.With access within 500 to 700m walking distance, air-condition
travel at 100 kmph ,
2.Service available at less than a minute during peak hours, priced at Re 1.50 per km falling to Re 1 for regular travels with lead of more than 7km can be provided. typical) (year 2005)

15. Standard railway coach running on railway track.
WORKING PRINCIPLE;
Standard railway coach running on railway track.
The under frame with standard railway wheel set running on railway track.

16. The under-frame remains same, railway wheels run on the same track, the coach is firmly attached to the under-frame positively
The under-frame with wheels and railway traction motors & railway track enclosed in the concrete box- travel on the railway track, carrying the coach below outside the concrete box- now the coach and the track are positively held together- cannot escape from rails!

17. Comparative Costs for a 10 km route to carry 40,000 pass/hr:
• Underground Metro………………………Rs 2,500 cr
• Elevated Metro……………………………Rs 1200 cr
• Sky Bus Metro…………………………….Rs 500

18. SAFETY FEATURES
Centre of gravity of the mass being carried on the wheels is brought down to be closer to the wheel support- dynamic safety is many time improved
In Sky Bus wind cannot topple- there is positive link between the rail guidance system and the Bus Coaches.
Sky Bus bogie is that we have derailment arresters, which prevents the wheel from jumping off the rails.

19. Chances of collision between two skybuses is nearly zero
Chances of collision between two skybuses is nearly zero.Well tested Anti collision called as “RAKSHA KABACH” will be present in each sky bus bogie.
Any problem in skybus during its running,it can be stopped between two sky station,safety air bags are provided in each coach for emergency exit of the passengers in the mid way.

20. Fast transportation 2.No interference with road traffic
ADVANTAGES
Fast transportation No interference with road traffic
3.Low Capital cost Fast Clearance
5.Better Capacity Flyover
7.Fast Execution No Pollution
9. No Force Major No traffic Jams, No waiting
11.Comfort Easy Access
13.Luxury & Comfort Fire Protection
15.Lowest Operational cost.

21. SUMMARY
The Skybus is the technology breakthrough that India has achieved.
Skybus is an improved railway technology, eliminating the derailment collisions, and capsizing crushing people.
Skybus is an improved railway technology eliminating their fears of derailments and capsizing from which they suffered for decades.
Financially Skybus Metro makes urban transport a dream come true for administrators- virtually free gift to people without Government fund.
The Sky Bus metro is one single technology which can change the face of our cities, take out almost 10 million road vehicles in the cities
Skybus makes the cities livable, improving quality of life and attract and sustain economic activity to generate wealth.

22. REFERENCES
Rail International -Brussels May 1983:- A simple approach to study rail wheel interaction - Author- B Rajaram
Rail International -Brussels April 1984:- A NewTheory of Rail Wheel Interaction - Author- B Rajaram
www. konkanrailway.com

23. THANK YOU