1. 8L Sound and hearing Making sounds Hearing and deafness Too loud!

2. 8L Sound and hearing
Making sounds

3. Match the words to the definitions.
8L Sound words
Match the words to the definitions.
1 vibration
2 pitch
3 loudness
4 sound
5 amplify
E a backwards and forwards movement which transmits sound
A how high or low it sounds to the listener
D how loud or quiet it sounds to the listener
B vibrations that can be heard
C to make sound louder
A how high or low it sounds to the listener
B vibrations that can be heard
C to make sound louder
D how loud or quiet it sounds to the listener
E a backwards and forwards movement which transmits sound

4. What does a large amplitude tell you about the sound?
8L Describing waves
What does a large amplitude tell you about the sound?
What does a large number of waves (frequency) tell you about the sound?
What unit is used to measure frequency?

5. Match the description to the oscilloscope pattern:
8L Sound pictures
Match the description to the oscilloscope pattern: A B C D
1. Low-pitched sound, very loud D
2. Loud, high-pitched sound C
3. Medium sound with medium pitch B
4. Quiet, high-pitched sound A

6. In air = 330 metres per second
8L Sound speeds
Concorde was the first passenger jet to travel faster than the speed of sound. But how fast is that?
The speed of sound:
In air = 330 metres per second
In water = 1500 metres per second
In steel = 6000 metres per second
Why did native American trackers put their ear to the ground if they wanted to listen for their prey?

7. 1. I can increase the pitch of a note on a guitar by...
8L Rock legends?
1. I can increase the pitch of a note on a guitar by...
a) plucking the string harder
b) tightening the string
c) holding the guitar tighter.
2. I play the lowest notes on an electric guitar by...
a) not pressing on the strings on the fretboard
b) touching the strings very gently
c) turning the volume down on the amplifier.

8. 3. Hitting the strings hard on a guitar will...
8L Rock legends?
3. Hitting the strings hard on a guitar will...
a) make the note louder
b) make the note higher pitched
c) hurt my fingers.
4. The sound from an electric guitar dies away when...
a) the string stops moving
b) the guitarist stops plucking the strings
c) the strings are magnetised.

9. 5. A drummer can change the pitch of the drum by...
8L Rock legends?
5. A drummer can change the pitch of the drum by...
a) changing the tightness of the drum skin
b) hitting the skin harder
c) using different drumsticks.
6. A drummer grabs hold of a vibrating cymbal to...
a) stop it making a sound
b) change the pitch of the sound
c) stop it falling off the stage.

10. 8L What is sound?
Sound is created by something vibrating. Imagine the surface of a drum.
As the skin wobbles it pushes on the air next to it and squeezes it to make a little area of high pressure.

11. Then the skin moves the other way and creates an area of low pressure.
8L What is sound?
Then the skin moves the other way and creates an area of low pressure.
If this happens over and over again you get areas of high and low pressure being made.
These areas pass through the air and to our ears where we detect them as sound.

12. 8L Match signals to patterns of particles
We can see these areas of high pressure with a microphone and an oscilloscope.

13. Make a list of these in order of frequency, starting with the lowest.
8L The frequency range
Make a list of these in order of frequency, starting with the lowest.
D Rumble from an earthquake
B Bottom string on a bass guitar
A The note middle C in the middle of a piano keyboard
E The highest note sung by a human being
C Typical whistle for a dog
A The note middle C in the middle of a piano keyboard
B Bottom string on a bass guitar
C Typical whistle for a dog
D Rumble from an earthquake
E The highest note sung by a human being

14. Match the oscilloscope traces to the source of the sound.
8L I’ll name that tune in...
Match the oscilloscope traces to the source of the sound. A B C D
1. A flute playing a single clear note B
2. A dog whistle C
3. A milk bottle dropped onto a floor D
4. A rumble of thunder A

15. 1. The softer you hit a drum, the quieter the sound.
8L Sound as a … sound?
True or false?
1. The softer you hit a drum, the quieter the sound.
2. Louder sounds are higher pitched.
3. Bigger vibrations make louder sounds.
4. Hollow objects make sounds louder.
5. Carpets and curtains make sounds louder.
TRUE
FALSE

16. 1. High sounds have a low frequency.
8L Sound as a … sound?
True or false?
1. High sounds have a low frequency.
2. Dogs can hear higher pitched sounds than humans can.
3. Some sounds can make you deaf.
4. Hard surfaces reflect sound.
5. Sound travels faster in water than steel.
FALSE
TRUE

17. 8l Sound and hearing
Hearing and deafness

18. 8L The human ear

19. Which part carries a nerve signal?
8L Hear this!
bones of middle ear
ear flap (pinna)
nerves to brain
eardrum
sound waves
cochlea
Which parts can move?
Which part carries a nerve signal?
Which part is made of bone?

20. What would happen to a bat if it went deaf in one ear?
8L Batty!
Insect-eating bats use sounds with a frequency of Hz (or 80 kHz) to ‘see’ their prey.
The bat sends out a sound and then listens for the echo as it bounces back from the insect.
The bat compares the sound it hears from both ears to work out the direction the insect is in.
What would happen to a bat if it went deaf in one ear?

21. 8L Sound and hearing
Too loud!

22. I’ve asked you to turn that rubbish down!
8L Measuring loudness
I’ve asked you to turn that rubbish down!
I’ve already turned it down – and it’s not rubbish!
It’s not as loud as you have the television.
It’s too loud. You’ll damage your ears.
Why do we need a way to measure the loudness of sound?
What unit is used to measure sound?

23. 8L Hear this!