1. Great (Western) Schism
CAUSES
EVENT
EFFECTS
Bubonic Plague
End of Medieval Europe
Crusades:
Hundred Years War:
Great (Western) Schism

2. The Hundred Years’ War

3. Causes The Hundred Years War began over: 1. Land disputes in NW France
2. English claimed the throne of France

4. Causes
3. Most of the war is fought on French soil – but the English dominated
Major battles: Battle of Crecy (1346) & Battle of Agincourt (1415)

5. Event
1. France V England, France wins

6. 2. Joan of Arc 17 year old peasant
Message from God to help return French king to the throne
By 1429: led army to victory at Orleans
As a result, French king restored to throne
Later captured and executed as a witch by the English
French pushed English out of France by 1453

7. Negative Effects
1. Trade and agriculture stopped during fighting in France
2. Both countries in debt
Slowed growth of culture
England enters into a civil war for 30 years

8. Positive Effects
1 French unity
2 Decline of feudalism

9. 3 New weapons changed warfare:
Longbow: Could pierce armor; knights less effective
Cannon: Less hand to hand combat

11. The Great (Western) Schism Corruption in the Catholic Church

12. Remember: The Role of the Medieval Church
Each territory in medieval Europe had a church which provided order on the manor
Remember: The Role of the Medieval Church
Priests controlled peoples’ access to heaven by delivering the sacraments & absolving sins
Peasants’ lives were hard, but the hope of a salvation in heaven kept them loyal & obedient the Church
Medieval Christians’ everyday lives were harsh. Still, they could all follow the same path to salvation—everlasting life in heaven. Priests and other clergy administered the sacraments, or important religious ceremonies. These rites paved the way for achieving salvation. For example, through the sacrament of baptism, people became part of the Christian community. At the local level, the village church was a unifying force in the lives of most people. It served as a religious and social center. People worshiped together at the church. They also met with other villagers. Religious holidays, especially Christmas and Easter, were occasions for festive celebrations.
Christians paid a tax to the church called a tithe
Local priests were the main contact most people had with the Catholic Church

13. Causes Corruption in the Catholic Church
Popes used the threat of excommunication to force kings to obey the Church
Many priests were illiterate
Many clergy broke their vows of chastity
Some officials led lives of luxury and leisure

14. Causes Forms of corruption – some clergy:
Charged repentant Christians to go on pilgrimages
Sold church offices to the highest bidder (simony)
Sold indulgences – pay the Church and you won’t get punished

15. Pope’s palace in Avignon, France
Causes
Babylonian Captivity ( ) – French kidnapped popes and kept them in France
French king fought with the pope over his power to tax the clergy
1296- Pope was replaced with a French Pope
Seven popes rule the Church from France
Many Christians felt these popes were under the control of the French king
A French bishop (Bishop of Bordeaux) was elected pope, but didn’t want to relocate to Rome
Pope’s palace in Avignon, France

16. Event Rome Avignon 1376: Pope moved back to Rome
French cardinals elect new pope
2 popes claiming to be the rightful pope
One in Rome, one in Avignon France
Rome
In 1378, a mob attacked the College of Cardinals & forced them to elect a Roman pope. This new pope was domineering, so the cardinals said the first election was invalid because they were “under duress” so they elected a Frenchmen  2 popes
Avignon

17. Effects Many Christians questioned the authority of the Church
Disagreements about politics, not doctrine – was an internal struggle for power and control
The Catholic Church lost credibility with the people of Europe
The Church is expected to handle spiritual matters, not political