2. Objectives To learn the importance of mechanized agriculture
To become aware of careers related to mechanized agriculture
To realize how mechanized agriculture has evolved and impacted American history

3. Introduction There is tremendous diversity in the plant kingdom
Flowering plants have certain structures and functions in common

4. Flowering Plants
Basic parts of flowering plants are stems, leaves, flowers and roots
Vegetative
leaves
stems
roots
Reproductive
flowers
fruits
seeds

5. Leaf Functions Photosynthesis
light is intercepted and plant sugars are manufactured
large flattened surface for maximum absorption of light energy

6. Leaf Parts
Midrib
Petiole
Stipule
Vein
Stem

7. Venation

8. Leaf Types
Simple
Compound

9. Leaf Types: Compound
palmate
bipinnate
pinnate

10. Leaf Types
Needles
Broad Leaf
Scale-like

11. Leaf Attachment
opposite
whorled
alternate

12. Leaf Shapes
linear
lanceolate
ovate

13. Leaf Shapes
cordate
obovate

14. Leaf Margins
serrate
dentate
entire
lobed
crenate
sinuate

15. Stem Functions
Support leaves and buds, branches and reproductive structures
Conduits for transporting water, minerals and manufactured food
Some are modified for storage

16. Stem Types Two basic stem types
Differ in arrangement of vascular tissue xylem and phloem

17. Dicot
cambium
phloem
xylem

18. Monocot
cambium
xylem
phloem

19. Stem Parts

20. Modified Stems Stolon horizontal stem growing on soil surface
example: strawberry plant

21. Modified Stems Rhizome
grows horizontally at or just below soil surface
example: iris

22. Modified Stems Tuber enlarged portion of underground stem
example: potato plant

23. Root Functions Anchor plant Nutrient and water absorption Food storage
Two basic root systems
fibrous root
tap root
fibrous root
tap root

24. Root Growth

25. Flower Functions
Reproduction
Attract pollinators

26. Flower Parts

27. Flower Types Complete Incomplete Perfect Imperfect
flower has stamens, pistil, petals and sepals
Incomplete
one of these four parts is missing
Perfect
flower has functional stamens and pistil
Imperfect
stamens or pistil is absent

28. Inflorescence Types
spike
umbel
corymb
head
raceme
solitary

29. Fruit Mature ovary Seeds are ovules Ovary wall may be fleshy
Example fruit types
pome
pod

30. Seed Matured ovule Parts seed coat embryo endosperm protective coating
miniature plant
endosperm
food storage organ
embryo area
endosperm
seed coat

31. Germination of Dicot
Two cotyledons (seed leaves)

32. Germination of Monocot
One cotyledon (seed leaf)

33. Acknowledgements
Acquaah, George. Horticulture: Principles and Practices. New Jersey: Prentice Hall, 1999.
Harris, James G. and Melinda Woolf. Plant Identification Terminology: An Illustrated Glossary. Utah: Spring Lake Publishing, 1994.
Northington, David K., Goodin, J.R. The Botanical World. Missouri: C.V. Mosby Company, 1984.
Dirr, Michael A. Manual of Woody Landscape Plants: Their Identification, Ornamental Characteristics, Culture, Propagation and Uses. Illinois: Stipes Publishing Company, 1975.
Still, Steven M. Manual of Herbaceous Ornamental Plants. Illinois: Stipes Publishing Company, 1994.

34. Acknowledgements Production Coordinator Sandra Balch Graphic Designer
Melody Rowell
Technical Writer
Jessica Odom
V.P. of Brand Management
Clayton Franklin
Executive Producer Gordon W. Davis, Ph.D.
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