1. History of Blood Transfusion
Chapter 10
History of Blood Transfusion
Play TPT Blood Cells Video

2. The average life span of a single red blood cell (RBC) is 120 days
The kidneys filter over 400 gallons of blood a day
You have about 5 liters of blood in your body -only fluid tissue in the body
Blue Blood? Light penetrating the skin is reflected back to eye – only high E wavelengths bounce back–which are blue!
Must be at least 17yrs. old, weigh more than 110-lbs. & be in good general health
Blood Facts

3. Color pH Temp. O2 Rich = Bright Red O2 Poor = Deep Red
Blood
Characteristics
Color
O2 Rich = Bright Red
O2 Poor = Deep Red pH
Must remain between (acidosis vs. alkalosis)
Temp.
Slightly higher than body temperature
100.4˚F

4. Sticky, thick, opaque fluid that sinks in H20
Blood
Characteristics
Consistency
Sticky, thick, opaque fluid that sinks in H20
Taste
Metallic
Volume
Avg. 5L
7% of body weight

5. Composition
RBC
WBC P

6. Blood Testing can be used to monitor and diagnose abnormalities
Blood and The Cardiovascular System

7. Blood and The Cardiovascular System
The blood sample is spun in a centrifuge to separate the formed elements from plasma.
Often, blood is collected in a capillary tube and centrifuged.
Blood and The Cardiovascular System

8. (~55%) are the Formed Elements
Composition
suspended in Plasma
(~55%) are the Formed Elements
(~45%)
Nonliving Matrix
Living Cells
Buffy Coat
(less than 1%)

9. Includes many dissolved substances
Composition
Blood Plasma
Composed of ~90% water
Water
Salts
Nutrients and Wastes
Proteins and Hormones
Respiratory Gases
Includes many dissolved substances

10. Help to stop blood loss when a blood vessel is injured
Composition
Proteins in the plasma….
ALBUMIN
Regulates osmotic pressure nourishes tissues, transports materials, maintains pH
CLOTTING PROTEINS
Help to stop blood loss when a blood vessel is injured
ANTIBODIES
Help protect the body from antigens (harmful substances such as bacteria & viruses)

11. Formed Elements Composition Erythrocytes (RBC’s) Leukocytes (WBC’S)
Thrombocytes
(Platelets)

12. Polycythemia or Anemia
Hematocrit = blood test for # RBC’s
Polycythemia or Anemia
Erythrocytes
Transport oxygen (& CO2)
Function
Biconcave discs of hemoglobin
Shape
Anucleate and very few organelles
Structure
4-6million (1000 RBC : 1-WBC)
Occurrence in Blood (per mm3)
Hemoglobin
Iron containing protein that binds strongly to O2
Each hemoglobin molecule has 4-O2 binding sites
Each erythrocyte has 250 million hemoglobin molecules

13. Homeostatic Imbalance: Sickle Cell Anemia
Genetic Disease
Crisis: caused by a number of triggers (stress, dehydration, temp changes…)
Hb (RBC) becomes deformed— sickle shaped
Slows/blocks blood flow
Parts of body do not receive necessary oxygen
Cause extreme pain in some

14. Hematopoiesis: Production of Erythrocytes (Erythropoiesis)
Hemocytoblasts (stem cells) divide many times in red bone marrow
Hemoglobin synthesis—HUGE AMOUNTS
Ejects nucleus and organelles - cell collapses inward
Becomes a reticulocyte
Reticulocytes enter blood stream
Ejects remaining RER after 2 days
Becomes a mature RBC: Erythrocyte
Blood and The Cardiovascular System

15. Fate oF Erythrocyte Unable to divide, grow, or synthesize proteins
Wear out in 100 to 120 days
When worn out they are eliminated by phagocytes in the spleen or liver
Lost cells are replaced by division of hemocytoblasts
Fate oF Erythrocyte

16. Control oF Erythrocyte
Rate of production is controlled by a protein called erythropoietin
Kidneys produce more erythropoietin as a response to reduced oxygen levels in the blood
Homeostasis is maintained by negative feedback from blood oxygen levels
Control oF Erythrocyte

18. Leukocytes Types: Function Response Structure Movement (diapedesis)
Body’s defense against disease
Function
Responds to chemicals released by damaged tissues
Response
Nucleus and several organelles
Structure
Can move in/out of blood vessels
Movement (diapedesis)
GRANULOCYTES
Neutrophils
Eosinophils
Basophils
AGRANULOCYTES
Lymphocytes
Monocytes

19. Leukocytes Types: Occurrence in Blood (per mm3)
Normal levels are between 4,000-11,000 cells per millimeter
Occurrence in Blood (per mm3)
Above 11,000 leukocytes/ml indicates an infection
Abnormal – High - Leukocytosis
Commonly caused by certain drugs
Abnormal – Low - Leukopenia
GRANULOCYTES
Neutrophils
Eosinophils
Basophils
AGRANULOCYTES
Lymphocytes
Monocytes

20. Leukocytes
Granulated
Neutrophils
Eosinophils
Basophils
Agranulated
Lymphocytes
Monocytes

21. Neutrophils ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••
Most abundant; 1st to arrive at site of infection
Multilobed nucleus (2-5) with fine granules
More with age
Act as phagocytes at active sites of infection; acute inflammation
Custom animation effects: motion paths with auto-reverse, varying speeds
(Advanced)
To reproduce the shape effects on this slide, do the following:
On the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click Shapes, and then under Rectangles, select Rectangle (first option from the left). On the slide, drag to draw the first rectangle.
On the Home tab, in the Slides group, click Layout, and then click Blank.
Select the rectangle. Under Drawing Tools, on the Format tab, in the Size group, do the following:
In the Shape Height box, enter 0.86”.
Under Drawing Tools, on the Format tab, in the Shape Styles group, click the Format Shape dialog box launcher. In the Format Shape dialog box, in the left pane, click Fill. In the Fill pane, click Solid fill, and then do the following:
In the Shape Width box, enter 10.5”.
In the Transparency box, enter 40%.
Click the button next to Color, and click More Colors. In the Colors dialog box, on the Custom tab, enter values for Red: 86, Green: 113, Blue: 118.
Select the duplicate rectangle. Under Drawing Tools, on the Format tab, in the Size group, do the following:
Select the rectangle. On the Home tab, in the Clipboard group, click the arrow under Paste, and then click Duplicate.
Also in the Format Shape dialog box, in the left pane, click Line Color, and then in the Line Color pane, click No line.
Under Drawing Tools, on the Format tab, in the Shape Styles group, click the Format Shape dialog box launcher. In the Format Shape dialog box, in the left pane, click Fill. In the Fill pane, select Solid fill. Click the button next to Color, and then under Theme Colors select Red, Accent 2, Darker 50% (sixth row, sixth option from the left). In the Transparency box, enter 40%.
In the Shape Width box, enter 4.96”.
Press and hold SHIFT and select both rectangles. On the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click Arrange, point to Align, and then do the following:
Click Align Center.
Click Align to Slide.
Click Align Middle.
To reproduce the animation effects for the second rectangle on this slide, do the following:
On the slide, select motion path endpoint (red arrow), and drag the end of the path beyond the right edge of the slide. Select the motion path starting point (green arrow), and drag the starting point of the path beyond the left edge of the slide.
In the Custom Animation task pane, click Add Effect, point to Motion Paths, and then click Right.
Select the second rectangle (smaller, red). On the Animations tab, in the Animations group, click Custom Animation. (Note: For this animation effect, the first (largest, blue) rectangle remains stationary on the slide.)
Also in the Custom Animation task pane, click the arrow next to the motion path animation effect, and click Effect Options. In the Right dialog box, do the following:
In the Custom Animation task pane, click the motion path animation effect, and then under Modify: Right, in the Start list, select With Previous.
On the Timing tab, in the Speed box, enter 3.55 seconds, and then in the Repeat list, select Until End of Slide.
On the Effect tab, under Settings, select Auto-Reverse.
To reproduce the animation effects for the third rectangle on this slide, do the following:
Select the second (small, red) rectangle.
Select the third rectangle. Under Drawing Tools, on the Format tab, in the Size group, do the following:
On the Home tab, in the Clipboard group, click the arrow under Paste, click Duplicate, and then drag the new rectangle (along with the new motion path) above the other rectangles. Repeat this step three more times until there is a total of six rectangles (including the original two).
In the Shape Width box, enter 3.16”.
Click the button next to Color, and then click More Colors. In the Colors dialog box, on the Custom tab, enter values for Red: 79, Green: 129, Blue: 189.
Also in the Custom Animation task pane, click the arrow next to the third rectangle motion path animation effect, and then click Effect Options. In the Effect Options dialog box, do the following:
On the Animations tab, in the Animations group, click Custom Animation. In the Custom Animation task pane, click the third rectangle motion path animation effect, and then under Modify: Right, in the Start list, select With Previous.
On the slide, position the third rectangle on the first (and longest) rectangle, lining up the top and bottom edges.
On the Timing tab, in the Repeat list, select Until End of Slide, and in the Speed box, enter 3.1 seconds.
To reproduce the animation effects for the fourth rectangle on this slide, do the following:
Select the fourth rectangle. Under Drawing Tools, on the Format tab, in the Size group, do the following:
Under Drawing Tools, on the Format tab, in the Shape Styles group, click the Format Shape dialog box launcher. In the Format Shape dialog box in the left pane, click Fill. In the Fill pane, click Solid fill, and then do the following:
In the Shape Width box, enter 1.68”.
Click the button next to Color, and then under Theme Colors click Olive Green, Accent 3, Darker 50% (sixth row, seventh option from the left).
Also in the Custom Animation task pane, click the arrow next to the fourth rectangle motion path animation effect, and then click Effect Options. In the Effect Options dialog box, do the following:
On the Animations tab, in the Animations group, click Custom Animation. In the Custom Animation task pane, select the fourth rectangle motion path animation effect, and under Modify: Right, in the Start box, select With Previous.
On the slide, position the fourth rectangle on the first (and longest) rectangle, lining up the top and bottom edges.
On the Timing tab, in the Repeat list, select Until End of Slide, and in the Speed box, enter 3.95 seconds.
To reproduce the animation effects for the fifth rectangle on this slide, do the following:
Select the fifth rectangle. Under Drawing Tools, on the Format tab, in the Size group, do the following:
In the Shape Width box, enter 1.5”.
Click the button next to Color, and then click More Colors. In the Colors dialog box, on the Custom tab, enter values for Red: 127, Green: 140, Blue: 60.
On the Animations tab, in the Animations group, click Custom Animation. In the Custom Animation task pane, select the fifth rectangle motion path animation effect, and then under Modify: Right, in the Start list, select With Previous.
Also in the Custom Animation task pane, click the arrow next to the fifth rectangle motion path animation effect, and then click Effect Options. In the Effect Options dialog box, do the following:
On the slide, position the fifth rectangle on the first (and longest) rectangle, lining up the top and bottom edges.
On the Timing tab, in the Repeat list, select Until End of Slide, and in the Speed box, enter 5.3 seconds.
To reproduce the animation effects for the sixth rectangle on this slide, do the following:
Select the sixth rectangle. Under Drawing Tools, on the Format tab, in the Size group, do the following:
In the Shape Width box, enter 0.98”.
Click the button next to Color, and then under Theme Colors click Olive Green, Accent 3, Darker 25% (fifth row, seventh option from the left).
Also in the Custom Animation task pane, click the arrow next to the sixth rectangle motion path animation effect, and then click Effect Options. In the Effect Options dialog box, do the following:
On the Animations tab, in the Animations group, click Custom Animation. In the Custom Animation task pane, select the sixth rectangle motion path animation effect, and under Modify: Right, in the Start box, select With Previous.
On the slide, position the sixth rectangle on the first (and longest) rectangle, lining up the top and bottom edges.
On the Timing tab, in the Repeat list, select Until End of Slide, and in the Speed box, enter 4.2 seconds.
To reproduce the background effects on this slide, do the following:
Right-click the slide background area, and then click Format Background. In the Format Background dialog box, click Fill in the left pane, select Gradient fill in the right pane, and then do the following:
Click the button next to Direction, and then click From Center (third option from the left).
In the Type list, select Radial.
Also under Gradient stops, customize the gradient stops that you added as follows:
Under Gradient stops, click Add or Remove until two stops appear in the drop-down list.
Select Stop 1 from the list, and then do the following:
Click the button next to Color, and then under Theme Colors click Black, Text 1, Lighter 50% (second row, second option from the left).
In the Stop position box, enter 40%.
Select Stop 2 from the list, and then do the following:
Click the button next to Color, and then under Theme Colors click Black, Text 1 (first row, second option from the left).
In the Stop position box, enter 100%.

22. Eosinophils ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••
Large, brick-red cytoplasmic granules
Found in response to allergies & parasitic worms
Custom animation effects: motion paths with auto-reverse, varying speeds
(Advanced)
To reproduce the shape effects on this slide, do the following:
On the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click Shapes, and then under Rectangles, select Rectangle (first option from the left). On the slide, drag to draw the first rectangle.
On the Home tab, in the Slides group, click Layout, and then click Blank.
Select the rectangle. Under Drawing Tools, on the Format tab, in the Size group, do the following:
In the Shape Height box, enter 0.86”.
Under Drawing Tools, on the Format tab, in the Shape Styles group, click the Format Shape dialog box launcher. In the Format Shape dialog box, in the left pane, click Fill. In the Fill pane, click Solid fill, and then do the following:
In the Shape Width box, enter 10.5”.
In the Transparency box, enter 40%.
Click the button next to Color, and click More Colors. In the Colors dialog box, on the Custom tab, enter values for Red: 86, Green: 113, Blue: 118.
Select the duplicate rectangle. Under Drawing Tools, on the Format tab, in the Size group, do the following:
Select the rectangle. On the Home tab, in the Clipboard group, click the arrow under Paste, and then click Duplicate.
Also in the Format Shape dialog box, in the left pane, click Line Color, and then in the Line Color pane, click No line.
Under Drawing Tools, on the Format tab, in the Shape Styles group, click the Format Shape dialog box launcher. In the Format Shape dialog box, in the left pane, click Fill. In the Fill pane, select Solid fill. Click the button next to Color, and then under Theme Colors select Red, Accent 2, Darker 50% (sixth row, sixth option from the left). In the Transparency box, enter 40%.
In the Shape Width box, enter 4.96”.
Press and hold SHIFT and select both rectangles. On the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click Arrange, point to Align, and then do the following:
Click Align Center.
Click Align to Slide.
Click Align Middle.
To reproduce the animation effects for the second rectangle on this slide, do the following:
On the slide, select motion path endpoint (red arrow), and drag the end of the path beyond the right edge of the slide. Select the motion path starting point (green arrow), and drag the starting point of the path beyond the left edge of the slide.
In the Custom Animation task pane, click Add Effect, point to Motion Paths, and then click Right.
Select the second rectangle (smaller, red). On the Animations tab, in the Animations group, click Custom Animation. (Note: For this animation effect, the first (largest, blue) rectangle remains stationary on the slide.)
Also in the Custom Animation task pane, click the arrow next to the motion path animation effect, and click Effect Options. In the Right dialog box, do the following:
In the Custom Animation task pane, click the motion path animation effect, and then under Modify: Right, in the Start list, select With Previous.
On the Timing tab, in the Speed box, enter 3.55 seconds, and then in the Repeat list, select Until End of Slide.
On the Effect tab, under Settings, select Auto-Reverse.
To reproduce the animation effects for the third rectangle on this slide, do the following:
Select the second (small, red) rectangle.
Select the third rectangle. Under Drawing Tools, on the Format tab, in the Size group, do the following:
On the Home tab, in the Clipboard group, click the arrow under Paste, click Duplicate, and then drag the new rectangle (along with the new motion path) above the other rectangles. Repeat this step three more times until there is a total of six rectangles (including the original two).
In the Shape Width box, enter 3.16”.
Click the button next to Color, and then click More Colors. In the Colors dialog box, on the Custom tab, enter values for Red: 79, Green: 129, Blue: 189.
Also in the Custom Animation task pane, click the arrow next to the third rectangle motion path animation effect, and then click Effect Options. In the Effect Options dialog box, do the following:
On the Animations tab, in the Animations group, click Custom Animation. In the Custom Animation task pane, click the third rectangle motion path animation effect, and then under Modify: Right, in the Start list, select With Previous.
On the slide, position the third rectangle on the first (and longest) rectangle, lining up the top and bottom edges.
On the Timing tab, in the Repeat list, select Until End of Slide, and in the Speed box, enter 3.1 seconds.
To reproduce the animation effects for the fourth rectangle on this slide, do the following:
Select the fourth rectangle. Under Drawing Tools, on the Format tab, in the Size group, do the following:
Under Drawing Tools, on the Format tab, in the Shape Styles group, click the Format Shape dialog box launcher. In the Format Shape dialog box in the left pane, click Fill. In the Fill pane, click Solid fill, and then do the following:
In the Shape Width box, enter 1.68”.
Click the button next to Color, and then under Theme Colors click Olive Green, Accent 3, Darker 50% (sixth row, seventh option from the left).
Also in the Custom Animation task pane, click the arrow next to the fourth rectangle motion path animation effect, and then click Effect Options. In the Effect Options dialog box, do the following:
On the Animations tab, in the Animations group, click Custom Animation. In the Custom Animation task pane, select the fourth rectangle motion path animation effect, and under Modify: Right, in the Start box, select With Previous.
On the slide, position the fourth rectangle on the first (and longest) rectangle, lining up the top and bottom edges.
On the Timing tab, in the Repeat list, select Until End of Slide, and in the Speed box, enter 3.95 seconds.
To reproduce the animation effects for the fifth rectangle on this slide, do the following:
Select the fifth rectangle. Under Drawing Tools, on the Format tab, in the Size group, do the following:
In the Shape Width box, enter 1.5”.
Click the button next to Color, and then click More Colors. In the Colors dialog box, on the Custom tab, enter values for Red: 127, Green: 140, Blue: 60.
On the Animations tab, in the Animations group, click Custom Animation. In the Custom Animation task pane, select the fifth rectangle motion path animation effect, and then under Modify: Right, in the Start list, select With Previous.
Also in the Custom Animation task pane, click the arrow next to the fifth rectangle motion path animation effect, and then click Effect Options. In the Effect Options dialog box, do the following:
On the slide, position the fifth rectangle on the first (and longest) rectangle, lining up the top and bottom edges.
On the Timing tab, in the Repeat list, select Until End of Slide, and in the Speed box, enter 5.3 seconds.
To reproduce the animation effects for the sixth rectangle on this slide, do the following:
Select the sixth rectangle. Under Drawing Tools, on the Format tab, in the Size group, do the following:
In the Shape Width box, enter 0.98”.
Click the button next to Color, and then under Theme Colors click Olive Green, Accent 3, Darker 25% (fifth row, seventh option from the left).
Also in the Custom Animation task pane, click the arrow next to the sixth rectangle motion path animation effect, and then click Effect Options. In the Effect Options dialog box, do the following:
On the Animations tab, in the Animations group, click Custom Animation. In the Custom Animation task pane, select the sixth rectangle motion path animation effect, and under Modify: Right, in the Start box, select With Previous.
On the slide, position the sixth rectangle on the first (and longest) rectangle, lining up the top and bottom edges.
On the Timing tab, in the Repeat list, select Until End of Slide, and in the Speed box, enter 4.2 seconds.
To reproduce the background effects on this slide, do the following:
Right-click the slide background area, and then click Format Background. In the Format Background dialog box, click Fill in the left pane, select Gradient fill in the right pane, and then do the following:
Click the button next to Direction, and then click From Center (third option from the left).
In the Type list, select Radial.
Also under Gradient stops, customize the gradient stops that you added as follows:
Under Gradient stops, click Add or Remove until two stops appear in the drop-down list.
Select Stop 1 from the list, and then do the following:
Click the button next to Color, and then under Theme Colors click Black, Text 1, Lighter 50% (second row, second option from the left).
In the Stop position box, enter 40%.
Select Stop 2 from the list, and then do the following:
Click the button next to Color, and then under Theme Colors click Black, Text 1 (first row, second option from the left).
In the Stop position box, enter 100%.

23. Basophils ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••
Histamine is a vasodilator; Increase capillary permeability for WBC’s
Initiate inflammation
Attracts other WBC to inflamed site
Have histamine containing granules
Custom animation effects: motion paths with auto-reverse, varying speeds
(Advanced)
To reproduce the shape effects on this slide, do the following:
On the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click Shapes, and then under Rectangles, select Rectangle (first option from the left). On the slide, drag to draw the first rectangle.
On the Home tab, in the Slides group, click Layout, and then click Blank.
Select the rectangle. Under Drawing Tools, on the Format tab, in the Size group, do the following:
In the Shape Height box, enter 0.86”.
Under Drawing Tools, on the Format tab, in the Shape Styles group, click the Format Shape dialog box launcher. In the Format Shape dialog box, in the left pane, click Fill. In the Fill pane, click Solid fill, and then do the following:
In the Shape Width box, enter 10.5”.
In the Transparency box, enter 40%.
Click the button next to Color, and click More Colors. In the Colors dialog box, on the Custom tab, enter values for Red: 86, Green: 113, Blue: 118.
Select the duplicate rectangle. Under Drawing Tools, on the Format tab, in the Size group, do the following:
Select the rectangle. On the Home tab, in the Clipboard group, click the arrow under Paste, and then click Duplicate.
Also in the Format Shape dialog box, in the left pane, click Line Color, and then in the Line Color pane, click No line.
Under Drawing Tools, on the Format tab, in the Shape Styles group, click the Format Shape dialog box launcher. In the Format Shape dialog box, in the left pane, click Fill. In the Fill pane, select Solid fill. Click the button next to Color, and then under Theme Colors select Red, Accent 2, Darker 50% (sixth row, sixth option from the left). In the Transparency box, enter 40%.
In the Shape Width box, enter 4.96”.
Press and hold SHIFT and select both rectangles. On the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click Arrange, point to Align, and then do the following:
Click Align Center.
Click Align to Slide.
Click Align Middle.
To reproduce the animation effects for the second rectangle on this slide, do the following:
On the slide, select motion path endpoint (red arrow), and drag the end of the path beyond the right edge of the slide. Select the motion path starting point (green arrow), and drag the starting point of the path beyond the left edge of the slide.
In the Custom Animation task pane, click Add Effect, point to Motion Paths, and then click Right.
Select the second rectangle (smaller, red). On the Animations tab, in the Animations group, click Custom Animation. (Note: For this animation effect, the first (largest, blue) rectangle remains stationary on the slide.)
Also in the Custom Animation task pane, click the arrow next to the motion path animation effect, and click Effect Options. In the Right dialog box, do the following:
In the Custom Animation task pane, click the motion path animation effect, and then under Modify: Right, in the Start list, select With Previous.
On the Timing tab, in the Speed box, enter 3.55 seconds, and then in the Repeat list, select Until End of Slide.
On the Effect tab, under Settings, select Auto-Reverse.
To reproduce the animation effects for the third rectangle on this slide, do the following:
Select the second (small, red) rectangle.
Select the third rectangle. Under Drawing Tools, on the Format tab, in the Size group, do the following:
On the Home tab, in the Clipboard group, click the arrow under Paste, click Duplicate, and then drag the new rectangle (along with the new motion path) above the other rectangles. Repeat this step three more times until there is a total of six rectangles (including the original two).
In the Shape Width box, enter 3.16”.
Click the button next to Color, and then click More Colors. In the Colors dialog box, on the Custom tab, enter values for Red: 79, Green: 129, Blue: 189.
Also in the Custom Animation task pane, click the arrow next to the third rectangle motion path animation effect, and then click Effect Options. In the Effect Options dialog box, do the following:
On the Animations tab, in the Animations group, click Custom Animation. In the Custom Animation task pane, click the third rectangle motion path animation effect, and then under Modify: Right, in the Start list, select With Previous.
On the slide, position the third rectangle on the first (and longest) rectangle, lining up the top and bottom edges.
On the Timing tab, in the Repeat list, select Until End of Slide, and in the Speed box, enter 3.1 seconds.
To reproduce the animation effects for the fourth rectangle on this slide, do the following:
Select the fourth rectangle. Under Drawing Tools, on the Format tab, in the Size group, do the following:
Under Drawing Tools, on the Format tab, in the Shape Styles group, click the Format Shape dialog box launcher. In the Format Shape dialog box in the left pane, click Fill. In the Fill pane, click Solid fill, and then do the following:
In the Shape Width box, enter 1.68”.
Click the button next to Color, and then under Theme Colors click Olive Green, Accent 3, Darker 50% (sixth row, seventh option from the left).
Also in the Custom Animation task pane, click the arrow next to the fourth rectangle motion path animation effect, and then click Effect Options. In the Effect Options dialog box, do the following:
On the Animations tab, in the Animations group, click Custom Animation. In the Custom Animation task pane, select the fourth rectangle motion path animation effect, and under Modify: Right, in the Start box, select With Previous.
On the slide, position the fourth rectangle on the first (and longest) rectangle, lining up the top and bottom edges.
On the Timing tab, in the Repeat list, select Until End of Slide, and in the Speed box, enter 3.95 seconds.
To reproduce the animation effects for the fifth rectangle on this slide, do the following:
Select the fifth rectangle. Under Drawing Tools, on the Format tab, in the Size group, do the following:
In the Shape Width box, enter 1.5”.
Click the button next to Color, and then click More Colors. In the Colors dialog box, on the Custom tab, enter values for Red: 127, Green: 140, Blue: 60.
On the Animations tab, in the Animations group, click Custom Animation. In the Custom Animation task pane, select the fifth rectangle motion path animation effect, and then under Modify: Right, in the Start list, select With Previous.
Also in the Custom Animation task pane, click the arrow next to the fifth rectangle motion path animation effect, and then click Effect Options. In the Effect Options dialog box, do the following:
On the slide, position the fifth rectangle on the first (and longest) rectangle, lining up the top and bottom edges.
On the Timing tab, in the Repeat list, select Until End of Slide, and in the Speed box, enter 5.3 seconds.
To reproduce the animation effects for the sixth rectangle on this slide, do the following:
Select the sixth rectangle. Under Drawing Tools, on the Format tab, in the Size group, do the following:
In the Shape Width box, enter 0.98”.
Click the button next to Color, and then under Theme Colors click Olive Green, Accent 3, Darker 25% (fifth row, seventh option from the left).
Also in the Custom Animation task pane, click the arrow next to the sixth rectangle motion path animation effect, and then click Effect Options. In the Effect Options dialog box, do the following:
On the Animations tab, in the Animations group, click Custom Animation. In the Custom Animation task pane, select the sixth rectangle motion path animation effect, and under Modify: Right, in the Start box, select With Previous.
On the slide, position the sixth rectangle on the first (and longest) rectangle, lining up the top and bottom edges.
On the Timing tab, in the Repeat list, select Until End of Slide, and in the Speed box, enter 4.2 seconds.
To reproduce the background effects on this slide, do the following:
Right-click the slide background area, and then click Format Background. In the Format Background dialog box, click Fill in the left pane, select Gradient fill in the right pane, and then do the following:
Click the button next to Direction, and then click From Center (third option from the left).
In the Type list, select Radial.
Also under Gradient stops, customize the gradient stops that you added as follows:
Under Gradient stops, click Add or Remove until two stops appear in the drop-down list.
Select Stop 1 from the list, and then do the following:
Click the button next to Color, and then under Theme Colors click Black, Text 1, Lighter 50% (second row, second option from the left).
In the Stop position box, enter 40%.
Select Stop 2 from the list, and then do the following:
Click the button next to Color, and then under Theme Colors click Black, Text 1 (first row, second option from the left).
In the Stop position box, enter 100%.

24. Lymphocytes ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••
Attack new organs in organ transplantation
Nucleus fills most of the cell
only WBC capable of making antibodies to identify antigens
B and T cells
Custom animation effects: motion paths with auto-reverse, varying speeds
(Advanced)
To reproduce the shape effects on this slide, do the following:
On the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click Shapes, and then under Rectangles, select Rectangle (first option from the left). On the slide, drag to draw the first rectangle.
On the Home tab, in the Slides group, click Layout, and then click Blank.
Select the rectangle. Under Drawing Tools, on the Format tab, in the Size group, do the following:
In the Shape Height box, enter 0.86”.
Under Drawing Tools, on the Format tab, in the Shape Styles group, click the Format Shape dialog box launcher. In the Format Shape dialog box, in the left pane, click Fill. In the Fill pane, click Solid fill, and then do the following:
In the Shape Width box, enter 10.5”.
In the Transparency box, enter 40%.
Click the button next to Color, and click More Colors. In the Colors dialog box, on the Custom tab, enter values for Red: 86, Green: 113, Blue: 118.
Select the duplicate rectangle. Under Drawing Tools, on the Format tab, in the Size group, do the following:
Select the rectangle. On the Home tab, in the Clipboard group, click the arrow under Paste, and then click Duplicate.
Also in the Format Shape dialog box, in the left pane, click Line Color, and then in the Line Color pane, click No line.
Under Drawing Tools, on the Format tab, in the Shape Styles group, click the Format Shape dialog box launcher. In the Format Shape dialog box, in the left pane, click Fill. In the Fill pane, select Solid fill. Click the button next to Color, and then under Theme Colors select Red, Accent 2, Darker 50% (sixth row, sixth option from the left). In the Transparency box, enter 40%.
In the Shape Width box, enter 4.96”.
Press and hold SHIFT and select both rectangles. On the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click Arrange, point to Align, and then do the following:
Click Align Center.
Click Align to Slide.
Click Align Middle.
To reproduce the animation effects for the second rectangle on this slide, do the following:
On the slide, select motion path endpoint (red arrow), and drag the end of the path beyond the right edge of the slide. Select the motion path starting point (green arrow), and drag the starting point of the path beyond the left edge of the slide.
In the Custom Animation task pane, click Add Effect, point to Motion Paths, and then click Right.
Select the second rectangle (smaller, red). On the Animations tab, in the Animations group, click Custom Animation. (Note: For this animation effect, the first (largest, blue) rectangle remains stationary on the slide.)
Also in the Custom Animation task pane, click the arrow next to the motion path animation effect, and click Effect Options. In the Right dialog box, do the following:
In the Custom Animation task pane, click the motion path animation effect, and then under Modify: Right, in the Start list, select With Previous.
On the Timing tab, in the Speed box, enter 3.55 seconds, and then in the Repeat list, select Until End of Slide.
On the Effect tab, under Settings, select Auto-Reverse.
To reproduce the animation effects for the third rectangle on this slide, do the following:
Select the second (small, red) rectangle.
Select the third rectangle. Under Drawing Tools, on the Format tab, in the Size group, do the following:
On the Home tab, in the Clipboard group, click the arrow under Paste, click Duplicate, and then drag the new rectangle (along with the new motion path) above the other rectangles. Repeat this step three more times until there is a total of six rectangles (including the original two).
In the Shape Width box, enter 3.16”.
Click the button next to Color, and then click More Colors. In the Colors dialog box, on the Custom tab, enter values for Red: 79, Green: 129, Blue: 189.
Also in the Custom Animation task pane, click the arrow next to the third rectangle motion path animation effect, and then click Effect Options. In the Effect Options dialog box, do the following:
On the Animations tab, in the Animations group, click Custom Animation. In the Custom Animation task pane, click the third rectangle motion path animation effect, and then under Modify: Right, in the Start list, select With Previous.
On the slide, position the third rectangle on the first (and longest) rectangle, lining up the top and bottom edges.
On the Timing tab, in the Repeat list, select Until End of Slide, and in the Speed box, enter 3.1 seconds.
To reproduce the animation effects for the fourth rectangle on this slide, do the following:
Select the fourth rectangle. Under Drawing Tools, on the Format tab, in the Size group, do the following:
Under Drawing Tools, on the Format tab, in the Shape Styles group, click the Format Shape dialog box launcher. In the Format Shape dialog box in the left pane, click Fill. In the Fill pane, click Solid fill, and then do the following:
In the Shape Width box, enter 1.68”.
Click the button next to Color, and then under Theme Colors click Olive Green, Accent 3, Darker 50% (sixth row, seventh option from the left).
Also in the Custom Animation task pane, click the arrow next to the fourth rectangle motion path animation effect, and then click Effect Options. In the Effect Options dialog box, do the following:
On the Animations tab, in the Animations group, click Custom Animation. In the Custom Animation task pane, select the fourth rectangle motion path animation effect, and under Modify: Right, in the Start box, select With Previous.
On the slide, position the fourth rectangle on the first (and longest) rectangle, lining up the top and bottom edges.
On the Timing tab, in the Repeat list, select Until End of Slide, and in the Speed box, enter 3.95 seconds.
To reproduce the animation effects for the fifth rectangle on this slide, do the following:
Select the fifth rectangle. Under Drawing Tools, on the Format tab, in the Size group, do the following:
In the Shape Width box, enter 1.5”.
Click the button next to Color, and then click More Colors. In the Colors dialog box, on the Custom tab, enter values for Red: 127, Green: 140, Blue: 60.
On the Animations tab, in the Animations group, click Custom Animation. In the Custom Animation task pane, select the fifth rectangle motion path animation effect, and then under Modify: Right, in the Start list, select With Previous.
Also in the Custom Animation task pane, click the arrow next to the fifth rectangle motion path animation effect, and then click Effect Options. In the Effect Options dialog box, do the following:
On the slide, position the fifth rectangle on the first (and longest) rectangle, lining up the top and bottom edges.
On the Timing tab, in the Repeat list, select Until End of Slide, and in the Speed box, enter 5.3 seconds.
To reproduce the animation effects for the sixth rectangle on this slide, do the following:
Select the sixth rectangle. Under Drawing Tools, on the Format tab, in the Size group, do the following:
In the Shape Width box, enter 0.98”.
Click the button next to Color, and then under Theme Colors click Olive Green, Accent 3, Darker 25% (fifth row, seventh option from the left).
Also in the Custom Animation task pane, click the arrow next to the sixth rectangle motion path animation effect, and then click Effect Options. In the Effect Options dialog box, do the following:
On the Animations tab, in the Animations group, click Custom Animation. In the Custom Animation task pane, select the sixth rectangle motion path animation effect, and under Modify: Right, in the Start box, select With Previous.
On the slide, position the sixth rectangle on the first (and longest) rectangle, lining up the top and bottom edges.
On the Timing tab, in the Repeat list, select Until End of Slide, and in the Speed box, enter 4.2 seconds.
To reproduce the background effects on this slide, do the following:
Right-click the slide background area, and then click Format Background. In the Format Background dialog box, click Fill in the left pane, select Gradient fill in the right pane, and then do the following:
Click the button next to Direction, and then click From Center (third option from the left).
In the Type list, select Radial.
Also under Gradient stops, customize the gradient stops that you added as follows:
Under Gradient stops, click Add or Remove until two stops appear in the drop-down list.
Select Stop 1 from the list, and then do the following:
Click the button next to Color, and then under Theme Colors click Black, Text 1, Lighter 50% (second row, second option from the left).
In the Stop position box, enter 40%.
Select Stop 2 from the list, and then do the following:
Click the button next to Color, and then under Theme Colors click Black, Text 1 (first row, second option from the left).
In the Stop position box, enter 100%.

25. Monocytes ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••
Largest of the white blood cells; Kidney shaped nucleus
Important in fighting chronic infection
Function as macrophages
Custom animation effects: motion paths with auto-reverse, varying speeds
(Advanced)
To reproduce the shape effects on this slide, do the following:
On the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click Shapes, and then under Rectangles, select Rectangle (first option from the left). On the slide, drag to draw the first rectangle.
On the Home tab, in the Slides group, click Layout, and then click Blank.
Select the rectangle. Under Drawing Tools, on the Format tab, in the Size group, do the following:
In the Shape Height box, enter 0.86”.
Under Drawing Tools, on the Format tab, in the Shape Styles group, click the Format Shape dialog box launcher. In the Format Shape dialog box, in the left pane, click Fill. In the Fill pane, click Solid fill, and then do the following:
In the Shape Width box, enter 10.5”.
In the Transparency box, enter 40%.
Click the button next to Color, and click More Colors. In the Colors dialog box, on the Custom tab, enter values for Red: 86, Green: 113, Blue: 118.
Select the duplicate rectangle. Under Drawing Tools, on the Format tab, in the Size group, do the following:
Select the rectangle. On the Home tab, in the Clipboard group, click the arrow under Paste, and then click Duplicate.
Also in the Format Shape dialog box, in the left pane, click Line Color, and then in the Line Color pane, click No line.
Under Drawing Tools, on the Format tab, in the Shape Styles group, click the Format Shape dialog box launcher. In the Format Shape dialog box, in the left pane, click Fill. In the Fill pane, select Solid fill. Click the button next to Color, and then under Theme Colors select Red, Accent 2, Darker 50% (sixth row, sixth option from the left). In the Transparency box, enter 40%.
In the Shape Width box, enter 4.96”.
Press and hold SHIFT and select both rectangles. On the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click Arrange, point to Align, and then do the following:
Click Align Center.
Click Align to Slide.
Click Align Middle.
To reproduce the animation effects for the second rectangle on this slide, do the following:
On the slide, select motion path endpoint (red arrow), and drag the end of the path beyond the right edge of the slide. Select the motion path starting point (green arrow), and drag the starting point of the path beyond the left edge of the slide.
In the Custom Animation task pane, click Add Effect, point to Motion Paths, and then click Right.
Select the second rectangle (smaller, red). On the Animations tab, in the Animations group, click Custom Animation. (Note: For this animation effect, the first (largest, blue) rectangle remains stationary on the slide.)
Also in the Custom Animation task pane, click the arrow next to the motion path animation effect, and click Effect Options. In the Right dialog box, do the following:
In the Custom Animation task pane, click the motion path animation effect, and then under Modify: Right, in the Start list, select With Previous.
On the Timing tab, in the Speed box, enter 3.55 seconds, and then in the Repeat list, select Until End of Slide.
On the Effect tab, under Settings, select Auto-Reverse.
To reproduce the animation effects for the third rectangle on this slide, do the following:
Select the second (small, red) rectangle.
Select the third rectangle. Under Drawing Tools, on the Format tab, in the Size group, do the following:
On the Home tab, in the Clipboard group, click the arrow under Paste, click Duplicate, and then drag the new rectangle (along with the new motion path) above the other rectangles. Repeat this step three more times until there is a total of six rectangles (including the original two).
In the Shape Width box, enter 3.16”.
Click the button next to Color, and then click More Colors. In the Colors dialog box, on the Custom tab, enter values for Red: 79, Green: 129, Blue: 189.
Also in the Custom Animation task pane, click the arrow next to the third rectangle motion path animation effect, and then click Effect Options. In the Effect Options dialog box, do the following:
On the Animations tab, in the Animations group, click Custom Animation. In the Custom Animation task pane, click the third rectangle motion path animation effect, and then under Modify: Right, in the Start list, select With Previous.
On the slide, position the third rectangle on the first (and longest) rectangle, lining up the top and bottom edges.
On the Timing tab, in the Repeat list, select Until End of Slide, and in the Speed box, enter 3.1 seconds.
To reproduce the animation effects for the fourth rectangle on this slide, do the following:
Select the fourth rectangle. Under Drawing Tools, on the Format tab, in the Size group, do the following:
Under Drawing Tools, on the Format tab, in the Shape Styles group, click the Format Shape dialog box launcher. In the Format Shape dialog box in the left pane, click Fill. In the Fill pane, click Solid fill, and then do the following:
In the Shape Width box, enter 1.68”.
Click the button next to Color, and then under Theme Colors click Olive Green, Accent 3, Darker 50% (sixth row, seventh option from the left).
Also in the Custom Animation task pane, click the arrow next to the fourth rectangle motion path animation effect, and then click Effect Options. In the Effect Options dialog box, do the following:
On the Animations tab, in the Animations group, click Custom Animation. In the Custom Animation task pane, select the fourth rectangle motion path animation effect, and under Modify: Right, in the Start box, select With Previous.
On the slide, position the fourth rectangle on the first (and longest) rectangle, lining up the top and bottom edges.
On the Timing tab, in the Repeat list, select Until End of Slide, and in the Speed box, enter 3.95 seconds.
To reproduce the animation effects for the fifth rectangle on this slide, do the following:
Select the fifth rectangle. Under Drawing Tools, on the Format tab, in the Size group, do the following:
In the Shape Width box, enter 1.5”.
Click the button next to Color, and then click More Colors. In the Colors dialog box, on the Custom tab, enter values for Red: 127, Green: 140, Blue: 60.
On the Animations tab, in the Animations group, click Custom Animation. In the Custom Animation task pane, select the fifth rectangle motion path animation effect, and then under Modify: Right, in the Start list, select With Previous.
Also in the Custom Animation task pane, click the arrow next to the fifth rectangle motion path animation effect, and then click Effect Options. In the Effect Options dialog box, do the following:
On the slide, position the fifth rectangle on the first (and longest) rectangle, lining up the top and bottom edges.
On the Timing tab, in the Repeat list, select Until End of Slide, and in the Speed box, enter 5.3 seconds.
To reproduce the animation effects for the sixth rectangle on this slide, do the following:
Select the sixth rectangle. Under Drawing Tools, on the Format tab, in the Size group, do the following:
In the Shape Width box, enter 0.98”.
Click the button next to Color, and then under Theme Colors click Olive Green, Accent 3, Darker 25% (fifth row, seventh option from the left).
Also in the Custom Animation task pane, click the arrow next to the sixth rectangle motion path animation effect, and then click Effect Options. In the Effect Options dialog box, do the following:
On the Animations tab, in the Animations group, click Custom Animation. In the Custom Animation task pane, select the sixth rectangle motion path animation effect, and under Modify: Right, in the Start box, select With Previous.
On the slide, position the sixth rectangle on the first (and longest) rectangle, lining up the top and bottom edges.
On the Timing tab, in the Repeat list, select Until End of Slide, and in the Speed box, enter 4.2 seconds.
To reproduce the background effects on this slide, do the following:
Right-click the slide background area, and then click Format Background. In the Format Background dialog box, click Fill in the left pane, select Gradient fill in the right pane, and then do the following:
Click the button next to Direction, and then click From Center (third option from the left).
In the Type list, select Radial.
Also under Gradient stops, customize the gradient stops that you added as follows:
Under Gradient stops, click Add or Remove until two stops appear in the drop-down list.
Select Stop 1 from the list, and then do the following:
Click the button next to Color, and then under Theme Colors click Black, Text 1, Lighter 50% (second row, second option from the left).
In the Stop position box, enter 40%.
Select Stop 2 from the list, and then do the following:
Click the button next to Color, and then under Theme Colors click Black, Text 1 (first row, second option from the left).
In the Stop position box, enter 100%.

26. Thrombocytes (Platelets)
THROMBOCYTOPENIA
Platelet deficiency
Thrombocytes
(Platelets)
HEMOPHILIA
Hereditary bleeding disorder
Normal clotting factors missing
Needed for the clotting process
Function
Derived from ruptured multinucleate cells
Origin (megakaryocytes)
300,000/mm3
Occurrence

28. Hematopoiesis 1 2 3 Blood cell formation Occurs in bone marrow
All derived from a common stem cell 3

29. 2 3

31. Result of a Break in a Blood Vessel
Hemostasis
Stoppage of Blood Flow
Result of a Break in a Blood Vessel
3 Phases

32. 2. PLATELET PLUG FORMATION
1. VASCULAR SPASMS
Anchored platelets release serotonin, which cause blood vessel muscles to spasm - vasoconstriction
Spasms narrow blood vessel, decreasing blood loss
2. PLATELET PLUG FORMATION
Collagen fibers exposed; “sticky” platelets cling to fibers --- Anchored platelets release chemicals to attract more platelets --- Platelets pile up to form a platelet plug
3. COAGULATION
Injured tissues release various blood clotting proteins to trigger a clotting cascade
Various enzymes join proteins to make a Fibrin meshwork (a clot)

33. Blood usually clots within 5 to 6 minutes
The clot remains as endothelium regenerates
The clot is broken down after tissue repair

34. Undesirable Clotting THROMBUS EMBOLUS
A clot in an unbroken blood vessel
Can be deadly in areas like the heart
EMBOLUS
A thrombus that breaks away and floats freely in the bloodstream
Can later clog vessels in critical areas such as the brain

35. Human Blood Groups
Blood contains genetically determined proteins; “self”-antigens that are tolerated by the IS
A foreign “non-self” antigen will be attacked by the immune system
Blood is typed by using antibodies that will cause blood with certain
“self-antigens” to clump (agglutination)
Click on the Strat. link to go back to the stratified diagram slide

36. There are over 30 common red blood cell antigens
Human Blood Groups
There are over 30 common red blood cell antigens
The most rigorous transfusion reactions are caused by the ABO and Rh blood group antigens

39. ABO Blood Group is based on presence/absence of 2-antigens
Type A & Type B
Lack of these is called Type O
Presence of both Type A & B
Type AB
Presence of either A or B
Type A or Type B, respectively

41. Rh Group  Naming America Problems Named after the Rhesus monkey
Presence or absence of Rh antigen
America
Most Americans are Rh+
Problems
Problems occur when mixing Rh+ with Rh- blood

42. *anemia, jaundice, brain damage, heart failure, death*
Only when mother is Rh- & father is Rh+
Rh- mother carrying Rh+ baby = problems
1st pregnancy  no problems
Immune system now sensitized
2nd pregnancy, the mothers immune system produces antibodies to attack the Rh+ blood
Baby RBC’s swell & rupture (hemolytic disease)
Rh Dangers
Jaundice -- Bilirubin comes from red blood cells. When red blood cells get old, they are destroyed. Hemoglobin, the iron-containing chemical in red blood cells that carries oxygen, is released from the destroyed red blood cells after the iron it contains is removed. The chemical that remains in the blood after the iron is removed becomes bilirubin.
***Jaundice occurs when there is too much bilirubin being produced for the liver to remove from the blood The liver has many functions. One of the liver's functions is to produce and secrete bile into the intestines to help digest dietary fat. Another is to remove toxic chemicals or waste products from the blood, and bilirubin is a waste product. The liver removes bilirubin from the blood.
*anemia, jaundice, brain damage, heart failure, death*

44. Blood Typing

45. Coagulation/Agglutination
Anti-Serum
Blood samples are mixed with Anti-A and Anti-B serums
IF blood clumps together when mixed with Anti-serum A, you have Type A, and vice versa
IF blood clumps with both you have Type AB
IF blood doesn’t clump at all you have Type O
Coagulation/Agglutination
Whether or not it coagulates determines blood type

47. Complete Summary
39%
11% 4%
46%

49. A
If you have type A blood, you can only receive types A & O blood
If you have type B blood, you can you can only receive types B & O blood
If you have type AB blood, you can receive types A, B, AB, & O blood (Universal Recipient)
If you have type O blood, you can you can only receive type O blood – Most Common Blood Type! (Universal Donor) B AB O

50. Blood Transfusions Transfusions Only way to replace blood quickly
Transfused blood must be of the same blood group
15-30% loss causes weakness
Over 30% causes shock, which can be fatal
Transfusions

51. Blood Typing Game
Immunity Game