1. The Truth… About Stalls
Great Lakes Aviation Conference 2014
Thomas P. Turner
Mastery Flight Training, Inc.

2. ©2014 Mastery Flight Training, Inc.
©2014 Mastery Flight Training, Inc.

3. ©2014 Mastery Flight Training, Inc.
Today’s lesson:
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4. ©2014 Mastery Flight Training, Inc.
Today’s lesson:
Don’t Stall
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5. ©2014 Mastery Flight Training, Inc.
Today’s lesson:
Don’t Stall
…unless you mean to
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6. ©2014 Mastery Flight Training, Inc.
Loss of
Control
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7. ©2014 Mastery Flight Training, Inc.
Stall Scenarios
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8. ©2014 Mastery Flight Training, Inc.
Type of Stalls
Power OFF
Power ON
Accelerated
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9. ©2014 Mastery Flight Training, Inc.
Type of Stalls
Flaps UP
Flaps DOWN
Flaps PARTIALLY EXTENDED
Power OFF
Power ON
Accelerated
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10. Critical Angle of Attack
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11. 10° 16° 17° High AoA on Final Approach
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12. 10° 16° 17° High AoA on Missed Approach/Go-Around
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13. ©2014 Mastery Flight Training, Inc.
High AoA on Takeoff/
Initial Climb
10°
16°
17°
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Critical AoA
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Maximum Lift
Critical AoA
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Maximum Lift
Critical AoA
Best Rate of Climb
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18. ©2014 Mastery Flight Training, Inc.
Effect of G-Load
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Effect of G-Load
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20. Bank Angle During Descent
LITTLE to NO increase in G-load
Therefore…
LITTLE to NO increase in stall speed
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21. ©2014 Mastery Flight Training, Inc.
To make an airplane stall, you (or the autopilot or the trim) must actively resist the airplane’s tendency to descend.
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22. ©2014 Mastery Flight Training, Inc.
My CFI Experience
A36 pilot very nervous about stalls
Told him we’d just slow the plane down and see how it handles
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23. Pre-Stall Indications
Pulling on the yoke
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24. Pre-Stall Indications
Pulling on the yoke
Right rudder to maintain heading
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25. Pre-Stall Indications
Pulling on the yoke
Right rudder to maintain heading
Decreasing noise
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26. Pre-Stall Indications
Pulling on the yoke
Right rudder to maintain heading
Decreasing noise
Decreasing indicated airspeed
©2014 Mastery Flight Training, Inc.

27. Pre-Stall Indications
Pulling on the yoke
Right rudder to maintain heading
Decreasing noise
Decreasing indicated airspeed
Release the back pressure
to reduce the AoA
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28. ©2014 Mastery Flight Training, Inc.
©2014 Mastery Flight Training, Inc.

29. Angle of Attack Indicators
Sense and display actual AoA
Automatically account for changes in airplane weight
More visual display of maximum-performance “speeds”
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31. AoA Indications (Alpha Systems display)
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32. AoA Indications (Alpha Systems display)
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33. AoA Indications (Alpha Systems display)
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34. AoA Indications (Alpha Systems display)
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35. ©2014 Mastery Flight Training, Inc.
Slower than “normal” speeds
Individually calibrated: no consistency from one airplane to the next
Single sensor: only accurate in coordinated flight
No consistent training standard
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36. ©2014 Mastery Flight Training, Inc.
NTSB Data
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37. ©2014 Mastery Flight Training, Inc.
NTSB Cross-Section
C172
PA28
BE23
Bonanza
Cirrus
Duchess
C310
Seneca
Baron
PC-12
TBM700/850
PA46
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38. ©2014 Mastery Flight Training, Inc.
Severity of
Injury
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Power Loss
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Phase of Flight
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41. ©2014 Mastery Flight Training, Inc.
Power ON vs. Power OFF
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42. ©2014 Mastery Flight Training, Inc.
Today’s lesson:
Stall For Proficiency
Fly to Avoid Stalls
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43. ©2014 Mastery Flight Training, Inc.
The Truth About Stalls
The airplane will not stall unless you (or the trim) are actively increasing back pressure on the elevators
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44. ©2014 Mastery Flight Training, Inc.
The Truth About Stalls
The airplane will not stall unless you (or the trim) are actively increasing back pressure on the elevators
Banking when under G-load increases the speed at which the wing reaches critical AoA
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45. ©2014 Mastery Flight Training, Inc.
The Truth About Stalls
The more flap, the more dynamic the stall
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46. ©2014 Mastery Flight Training, Inc.
The Truth About Stalls
The more flap, the more dynamic the stall
A mush is as bad as a stall
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47. ©2014 Mastery Flight Training, Inc.
The Truth About Stalls
The more flap, the more dynamic the stall
A mush is as bad as a stall
Uncoordinated flight increases the AoA on the low wing, and may not provide stall warning or AoA indications
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48. ©2014 Mastery Flight Training, Inc.
The Truth About Stalls
Power ON stall crashes outnumber power OFF crashes THREE to ONE
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49. ©2014 Mastery Flight Training, Inc.
The Truth About Stalls
Power ON stall crashes outnumber power OFF crashes THREE to ONE
55% of all stalls happen on takeoff, go around or missed approach
©2014 Mastery Flight Training, Inc.

50. ©2014 Mastery Flight Training, Inc.
The Truth About Stalls
Power ON stall crashes outnumber power OFF crashes THREE to ONE
55% of all stalls happen on takeoff, go around or missed approach
20% of stalls occur during a loss of engine power—many of those fuel management-related
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51. ©2014 Mastery Flight Training, Inc.
Mitigations
Fuel
Be prepared so sensations are instinctive if an engine quits
Regular practice on stalls and high AoA
Density altitude
Pitch attitudes
Trim for the missed
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52. ©2014 Mastery Flight Training, Inc.
©2014 Mastery Flight Training, Inc.

53. The Truth… About Stalls
Free FLYING LESSONS Weekly e-newsletter
Thomas P. Turner
Mastery Flight Training, Inc.