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Test – Wednesday – November 29, 2012
Chapter 6 Review Test – Wednesday – November 29, 2012
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Define Patriots Those Americans who were willing to fight the British to gain their independence and freedom
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Define Loyalists Americans who wanted to remain part of the British empire and did not believe unfair taxes were reason for war
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Define Tories Another name for British loyalists
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Define Neutral Not taking sides in a conflict
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Define Mercenary Hired soldiers, such as the Hessians for the British
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Define Guerilla Warfare
Technique of hit-and-run ambushes so that the enemy does not know where they are being attacked from
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Define Privateers Merchant ships used for war purposes by the Patriots
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Define Ratify To approve
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Identify Thomas Paine Author of Common Sense which convinced Americans to support the war for independence AND wrote The American Crisis to encourage the Patriots to continue the fight until it was won
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Identify Nathan Hale Patriot who disguised himself as a teacher to spy on the British “I regret that I have but one life to give…”
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Identify George Washington Commanding General of the Continental Army
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Identify William Howe British General who sieged Philadelphia, the American capital, in 1777
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Identify Marquis de Lafayette
French nobleman, and trusted advisor of George Washington
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Identify Friedrich von Steuben
Prussian army officer who would train the Continental Army at Valley Forge
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Identify Lemuel Hayes African American “minuteman” of Massachusetts
Joined and fought in the Continental Army
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Identify Hessians Mercenary soldiers hired by the British to fight the Patriots
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Identify American Capital Philadelphia
Sieged by the British under General William Howe in September 1777, taken back by Patriots in June 1778
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Identify 3 American Delegates at Paris Peace Talks
Ben Franklin, John Jay, John Adams
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Describe African American participation in the war
Enlisted in the Continental Army in every state except South Carolina
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Describe Battle of Saratoga
Turning point of the war—Patriots forced the surrender of the British and convinced the French to form an alliance with the Americans
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Describe Battle of Yorktown
Patriot siege to force the surrender of British General Cornwallis; convinced the British the war with the Americans was too costly to continue
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Describe Treaty of Paris
Ended the American Revolution and granted the Patriots their freedom and independence as a new nation
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Describe George Washington’s life after the war
Returned to Mount Vernon to be a simple farmer
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Short Answer How did Thomas Paine help the Patriots during the Revolutionary War? He wrote The American Crisis to encourage the Patriots to keep fighting “These are the times that try men’s souls….” George Washington read it aloud to the troops at Valley Forge
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Short Answer Where did the British have the most and least support in America? Most Loyalists in the Carolinas and Georgia Least support in New England
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Short Answer Which battle convinced the French to support America?
Saratoga
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Short Answer What were some of the problems that troops faced during the winter at Valley Forge? Exposure, disease, starvation, hopelessness
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Short Answer Which battle convinced the British that fighting the Americans was too costly? Yorktown
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Short Answer Why was fighting on their own land an advantage for the Patriots? Fighting on their own land was a great advantage—prepared for climate and terrain, use of guerilla warfare, supplies and people did not have to be shipped across the ocean, and willing to die to protect their land
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Short Answer What advantage did Patriots have over the British mercenaries? The Patriots were fighting for a cause—their freedom and independence. Whereas the Hessian mercenaries who fought for the British were fighting for money
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Short Answer How did women help in the war effort?
Take care of men in camp—bandage wounds, cook, clean Fight in their husband’s place if he died in battle
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Short Answer Fill in the chart with American & British advantages & disadvantages in the war Advantages Disadvantages Americans Home field Fighting for a cause George Washington No experience in war Supplies Population No navy British Powerful empire—money, supplies, people Largest army and navy in the world Ship all soldiers and supplies across the ocean Unfamiliar terrain and climate Use of mercenaries
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