1. 4K/8K Ultra-High-Resolution
2016, Autumn Visualization with 3D CG
4K/8K Ultra-High-Resolution
Imaging System
Masaki Hayashi

2. 4K/8K Ultra High-Resolution Imaging System
Content of the lecture
4K/8K Ultra High-Resolution Imaging System
Basics of video & production
4K video equipment
8K video equipment
(go to see 4K real-time CG)

3. 8Kグラフィックワークステーション
Basics of video

4. Resolution family in video
8K (Super Hi-Vision)
7680 X 4320
16 : 9
4K (QFHD)
3840 X 2160
Quad-Full-HD
16 : 9
2K (HDTV) 1920 X 1080
16 : 9 SD
720 X 480
Television: 4K (QFHD): 3840 X 2160, 16:9
Digital cinema: 4K: 4096 X 2160, 17:9(approx.) 256:135

5. Frame rate Temporal t ■Frame frequency (FPS) 24p 25p 30p 50i 60i 50p
standard now
i: Interlace
p: progressive t
Temporal (time) resolution
=> Frame frequency (Hz)
=> Frame rate
=> FPS (Frame per second)

6. ppi (pixel per inch) 1 inch = 2.54cm
Pixel density
ppi (pixel per inch) 1 inch = 2.54cm
(dpi: dot per inch, is for printer)
Retina display (iPad Retina)
9.7 inch, 2048x1536
264 ppi
4K display
60 inch, 3840x2160
73 ppi
even a 8K is not enough...

7. Pixel density
4K iMac (21.5-inch)
5K iMac (27-inch)
(218 ppi)

8. Pixel density iPhone 6S HDTV resolution display
Built-in 4K video camera

9. 1.5H (4K) Viewing distance in TV H 3H
Standard viewing distance = 3H (HDTV)
1.5H (4K) ~ H 3H
(immersive sensation, presence point of view)
60-inch monitor ---> H=75cm ---> 1.5H = 112cm

10. Television Computer Two industries (Cinema) Old (1950 ～)
Mass communication
Broadcast
Standard is strict
Video production is only for professional people
Top-down
New (1990 ～)
Tele communication
Personal use
Standard is loose
Internet
Video production is for everybody (YouTube etc.)
Bottom-up
top
top
people
people

11. Basics of video production
8Kグラフィックワークステーション
Basics of video production

12. Real-time or Offline Live production Offline Live (online, real-time)
Shooting, switching and go
　　　　　→Final video is real-time video stream.
Offline
Not live (post-production)
Filming and edited
　　　　　→Final video is a rendered one.
News, Sports, Event, TV conference, etc.
TV programs (Drama, Variety, Education, Documentary), DVD, Blu-ray, etc.

13. Video production Filming～ Editing ～ Transmitting Camera Transmitter
Video production is :
Camera
Switcher
Transmitter
Recorder
Non-linear
editing
Monitor

14. 8Kグラフィックワークステーション
4K Video Equipment

15. Status of 4K video production
4K production has started but not yet done so much.
Hollywood uses 4K already but not all. (Off line editing)
Japan started 4K broadcast in 2014 (not successful).
4K broadcast was performed for the World Cup, Brazil. Also, maybe in Brazil, Korea, etc.
Test live broadcast of 4K soccer game has been done in Japan in order to confirm the feasibility
4K test has been done in Europe, EBU etc.
Medical use is under testing in Japan, also in USA.
Video conference system needs ultra-high-resolution.

16. Camera
Switcher
Transmitter
Recorder
Non-linear
editing
Monitor

17. 4K Camera overview Many available
"Still camera" evolved to 4K movie / "Broadcast HD camera" evolved to 4K
Most demand is cinema use, however recently a few for broadcast use.
Record the RAW signal and transfer to editing system. Smooth data transfer to the non-linear editing, is very important.
Live 4K camera is becoming popular now.
Max size of real-time monitoring is still HD. (View finder). This causes a "focusing" problem.

18. 4K camera RED 4K Camera RED Digital Cinema
Released "RED ONE" in 2007, cheap
Hollywood has been using it
Enhancement of the still camera
Both Still and Movie are OK
Recently, released "EPIK", "SCARLET" replacing "RED ONE"
4K movie(4096×2160, 60p), 5K still
Compressed RAW data are recorded
Real-time monitor is HD
(~ 300,000SEK)

19. 4K Camera EOS C500 Digital Cinema 4K Camera CANON 4K/2K output
Bayer RAW data is recorded. External debayering
4K movie 4096×2160　　QFHD 3840×2160
Real-time monitor is HD
Connect to an external debayering recorder for actual use.

20. 4K Camera AH4413 4K Camera Astrodesign Real-time 4K debayering
Handy like the HD broadcast camera. Just one cable is enough to operate
QFHD 3840×2160
Live 4K output
HDTV monitoring

21. 4K Camera FDR-AX1 Consumer 4K Camera SONY For consumer use
Cheap (30,000SEK)
QFHD 3840×2160, 60p

22. Camera
Switcher
Transmitter
Recorder
Non-linear
editing
Monitor

23. Recorder overview Many available
Record RAW output to HDD, SSD, various Cards
Capability of real-time recording of uncompressed video signal, or exclusive to off-line use
Several external recorder for EOS C500 are available

24. 4K Recorder HR-7512-A 4K Record/Play Astrodesign
SSD（Solid State Drive）
Record/Play full-spec 4K uncompressed video signal.
Capable of recording full-spec 8K by using 4 of this
Uncompressed 4K(60p), Max 160 minutes

25. 4K Recorder Portable 4K Uncompressed SSD Recorder"HR-7510" Astrodesign
For Canon "EOS C500"
Capable of recording 4K base-band signal
Real-time debayering and real-time direct 4K monitoring
High speed data transmission
Small and light

26. Camera
Switcher
Transmitter
Recorder
Non-linear
editing
Monitor

27. Switcher 4K M/E (Mixer/Effect, Keyer) is available but few.
4K live production is still not handy yet.
Decompose one 4K signal into 4 HDTV lines and process them when real-time is required.
There's few real-time 4K digital processing system. (eg. "Pablo" by Quantel, color correction)

28. 4K Switcher ATEM Production Studio 4K Blackmagic design
Software control or a hardware panel
Multi View Monitoring
Transitions, Digital Video Effects, Multi Layering, Keyers
6G-SDI
Audio Mixer
Cheap (20,000SEK)

29. Camera
Switcher
Transmitter
Recorder
Non-linear
editing
Monitor

30. Non-linear editing
Off line editing on PC is done, then to transfer it via network or to burn DVD.
Most of the non-linear editing software can handle 4K resolution.
Adobe Premiere Pro, Apple Final Cut Pro, Avid Media Composer, Sony Vegas Pro, etc.
Editing procedure is matured because of cinema use （eg. Red one＋Premier Pro）
Many have DVD and Blu-Ray authoring function

31. Non-linear editing Premier Pro CS6 Abobe
High-performance editing workflow
Enhanced Mercury Playback Engine using GPU for real-time preview
Digital multi-effects
Adobe After Effect integration

32. Video signal transfer Real-time 4K video signal HD-SDI X4
３G-SDI　X2, 6G-SDI X1
DVI　X4（X2）
HDMI　X4, HDMI2 X1
DisplayPort　X2, DisplayPort1.2 X1
Transmit
Direct connect to encoder. Compressed by H.264 etc. and transmitted.
Pro-use
BNC connector

33. Camera
Switcher
Transmitter
Recorder
Non-linear
editing
Monitor

34. Encoder/Decoder IP-9610 HD/SD Codec Fujitsu
4:2:2、10bit、H.264 compression p ×２　（2 HDTV lines）
3G-SDI output
Capable of 4K transmission with 2 sets

35. Camera
Switcher
Transmitter
Recorder
Non-linear
editing
Monitor

36. Monitor 4K Projector Many available
Japan, Korea (Toshiba, Sony, Sharp, Astrodesign, Samsung, LG)
SDI for pro-use. HDTV input for consumer, up-converting to 4K with special resolution enhancement function.
Mostly large, 84 inch, 60 inch.
On the other hand, 30 inch for desktop use.
4096 for cinema, 3840 for broadcast. Support both.
4K Projector
Several available
DLP 4K Projector for Theater（BARCO、Christie, etc.）　 4096x2160
For consumer, 4K LCD projector, JVC, etc. 3840x2160

37. 4K Monitor REGZA 55X3 4K Television Toshiba Large 55 inch
QFHD 3840×2160　
HDMI X4
Built-in BS/CS digital broadcast receiver
Built-in up-converter with resolution enhancement
Capable to record full-spec 4K video by attaching breakout box "THD-MBA1"

38. 4K Monitor DM-3410-A 56inch 10bit 4K Monitor Astrodesign Large 56 inch
QFHD　3840×2160
10 bits
SDI、DVI
Professional use

39. 4K Projector DP4K-32B 4K DLP Cinema Projector BARCO社 32 meter screen
4096×2160
Contrast 2000:1
SDI、DVI
Theater use

40. Summary of 4K video production
・Off-line production is established
・Cinema production has been done in Hollywood
・Live production is available but few.
・Up-conversion of 2K to 4K is often used.

41. 8K Video Production

42. Super Hi-Vision (8K) specifications
Resolution: × 4320
Aspect ratio: 16:9
Viewing distance: H (1.5H)
Viewing angle: 100°
Frame rate: Hz progressive
Bit depth: 12-bit
Color system: BT.2020 Audio system: ch surround sound
Sampling rate: 48/96 kHz
Bit length: 16/20/24 bit
Upper layer: 9 ch
Middle layer: 10 ch
Lower layer: 3 ch
LFE: 2 ch

43. Super Hi-Vision

44. Status of 8K video production
8K real-time production is available (if compared to 4K). The reason is NHK promote it.
Public viewing of Rio & London Olympic
Three live ８K cameras, switched on the site, transfer un-compressed signal to studio in BBC via optical fiber, recorded in BBC and encode in H.265 and transmit to Japan and US.
Practical test of 8K broadcast is done in 2016.
Event use in NHK Studio Park, real-time 8K production

45. 8K video equipment (Ikegami) (Hitachi) SwitcherSR-8422 Telop SC-8206
Made by Astrodesign
if not specified
Camera
Switcher
Transmit
CCU VP-8404
Color correction VP-8407
Recorder
Recorder HR-7512
Codec (Fujitsu)
Monitor
Compact projector（JVC）
PDP(Panasonic)
LCD （Sharp）
SHV Non-linear
Editing
（Sapporo BUG）

46. Summary of Super Hi-Vision (8K)
・System for both off-line and on-line is developed
・Small amount of production experience
・Current target is Tokyo Olympic
・Needs other application besides video production

47. Ultra High Resolution 4K/8K Real-time CG

48. 4K Game
"Battle Field"
Electronic Arts Inc.
"Devil May Cry" CAPCOM

49. 4K Game 4K Game has big impact
Generally, 4K（2K） game is not so many due to the production cost
However, it is still very good when displaying PC game (for HD) in 4K system
Developing "Serious game" is also a key

50. Software Unity (Free version)
4K real-time CG system
60” 4K Monitor
Hardware PC
QuadCore
Windows 7
DisplayPort ×1
GPU card
V7900 (AMD)
Software Unity (Free version)
Mouse

51. Let's go to CMLab