4. BONE FRACTURES

5. What is a fracture?
A fracture is a partial or complete break in the bone. When a fracture occurs, it is classified as either open or closed:
open fracture (Also called compound fracture.) - the bone exits and is visible through the skin, or a deep wound that exposes the bone through the skin.
closed fracture (Also called simple fracture.) - the bone is broken, but the skin is intact.

6. What causes a fracture?
Fractures occur when there is more force applied to the bone than the bone can absorb. Bones are weakest when they are twisted. Breaks in bones can occur from falls, trauma, or as a result of a direct blow or kick to the body.

7. What are the symptoms of a fracture?
The following are the most common symptoms of a fracture. However, each individual may experience symptoms differently. Symptoms may include:
pain in the injured area
swelling in the injured area
obvious deformity in the injured area
difficulty using the injured area in a normal manner
warmth, bruising, or redness in the injured area

8. TYPES OF FRACTURES COMMINUTED SPIRAL DEPRESSED COMPRESSED EPIPHYSEAL
GREENSTICK
OBLIQUE

9. greenstick
- incomplete fracture. The broken bone is not completely separated.

10. transverse
- the break is in a straight line across the bone

11. spiral
- the break spirals around the bone; common in a twisting injury

12. oblique
- diagonal break across the bone

13. compression
- the bone is crushed, causing the broken bone to be wider or flatter in appearance.

14. comminuted
- the break is in three or more pieces and fragments are present at the fracture site.

15. epiphyseal
- epiphysis separates from the diaphysis along the epiphyseal plate.

16. depressed
-Broken bone portion is pressed inward
Typical of skull fracture

17. Name and describe each type of fracture pictured here.

18. BONE REPAIR READ PAGES 191-193
SUMMARIZE EACH STAGE OF SIMPLE FRACTURE REPAIR
INCLUDE A DIAGRAM FOR EACH PHASE
IN WHAT CASES MIGHT A PHYSICIAN BE NEEDED TO FACILITATE THESE STAGES?

19. BONE REMODELING