1. We spend one-third of our lives sleeping.
Why do we sleep?
We spend one-third of our lives sleeping.
If an individual remains awake for several days, they deteriorate in terms of immune function, concentration, and accidents.
OBJECTIVE 5| Explain why sleep patterns and duration vary from person to person.
Jose Luis Pelaez, Inc./ Corbis

2. Sleep Theories
Sleep Protects: Sleeping in the darkness when predators loomed about kept our ancestors out of harm’s way.
Sleep Recuperates: Sleep helps restore and repair brain tissue.
Sleep Helps Remembering: Sleep restores and rebuilds our fading memories.
Sleep and Growth: During sleep, the pituitary gland releases growth hormone. Older people release less of this hormone and sleep less.
OBJECTIVE 7| Identify four theories of why we sleep.

3. Sleep Deprivation Fatigue and subsequent death.
Impaired concentration.
Emotional irritability.
Depressed immune system.
Greater vulnerability.
OBJECTIVE 6| Discuss several risks associated with sleep deprivation.

4. Frequency of accidents increase with loss of sleep

5. Sleep Disorders: Insomnia
Somnambulism: Sleepwalking.
Nightmares: Frightening dreams that wake a sleeper from REM.
Night terrors: Sudden arousal from sleep with intense fear accompanied by physiological reactions (e.g., rapid heart rate, perspiration).
OBJECTIVE 8| Identify major sleep disorders.

6. Sleep Disorders: Insomnia
Narcolepsy: Overpowering urge to fall asleep that may occur while talking or standing up.
Sleep apnea: Failure to breathe when asleep.

7. Dreams
The link between REM sleep and dreaming has opened up a new era of dream research.

8. What do we Dream?
Negative Emotional Content: 8 out of 10 dreams have negative emotional content.
Failure Dreams: People commonly dream about failure, being attacked, pursued, rejected, or struck with misfortune.
Sexual Dreams: Contrary to our thinking, sexual dreams are sparse. Sexual dreams in men are 1 in 10; and in women 1 in 30.
Dreams of Gender: Women dream of men and women equally; men dream more about men than women.
OBJECTIVE 9| Describe the most common content of dreams.

10. Battles Id- all things that give us pleasure
Wish fulfillment
Ego- Reality principle- Represses the Id
Super Ego- Uses guilt to enforce rules
Dreams are a battle between these forces; are desires are trying to come out.

11. Neuroscience Retake You can HAND IN CORRECTIONS.
All assignments must be completed.
Including the Brain Mnemonic Assignment
Sims and Ports
Corrections need to be turned in.
Contract needs to be handed in by Tomorrow.
RETAKE: 35 Multiple Choice Questions
Neurotransmission, Neurotransmitters, Nervous System, Brain and Behavior.

12. Freud Says Most of it is psychosexual
Manifest Content- the remembered story line of a dream
Latent Content- the underlying meaning of the dream

13. Carl Jung - Neo-Freudian
Every character in your dreams is an aspect of yourself.
Characters can be facets or "aspects" of the self

14. What does it mean?
I was at a university twelve years in the future. I was 30. In the moment I felt persecuted. I knew that a whole team of policemen or the FBI or CIA were haunting me. Suddenly I began to run, and they were following me. I decided to break a glass window in order to get out of the Building.

15. Dream 1
I only remember a little pieces of this dream but my family was going to Syracuse for an SU game, and for some reason I was the only one that was able to drive. So I had to drive home late at night from Syracuse but was really nervous to drive when it was that dark and for that long. Another piece I remember was my family in the back seat like cheering for me and I was driving. It was really strange.
If we are driving it means we are in control, if we are driving with passengers we may have knowingly or inadvertently made our selves responsible for other people. When driving, the destination is important. In this case the destination is home. The people cheering you on could be an aspect of you telling you to keep going.

16. This dream might mean that while you like to be in control you are nervous about things that are coming up. You are usually responsible, but might be doubting your decisions or abilities. The family cheering you on is a part of yourself that is telling you that you will be alright. You see your family as support structure and view your home as your secure base.

17. Dream 2
I had a dream that i was sleeping and i woke up from hearing something knocking on my window and i looked outside and there was a car that sped away from the front of my house. I stayed up on my computer and started hearing the knocking again and i opened my blinds and someone was trying to climb into my window. I went to go wake up my mom and i came back and my window was broken and we started searching the house for whoever tried to break into my window. I was running around the house looking for him and i opened my closet and then i woke up.
Windows represent barriers to our hopes and dreams. When someone is trying to enter through our window this could represent someone that is trying to get in the way of our aspirations. Breaking glass represents breaking through those barriers which could be frightening to you. This causes you to run.. and search. You then Open the closet, which could represent your search for answers.

18. Dream 3
I was dress shopping with my mom and she was talking on the phone, we bought a red dress and didn't try it on for some reason, then we went home and the night i needed to wear it it didn't fit, and my dad had to take me back to the dress shop, but that wasn't a problem because it was near where he lived, and we got there and couldn't find a dress and then i woke up.
Shopping represents our search for something we feel we want our need. In this case you were shopping for a red dress. The color red is symbolic of vigor strength, energy, and life, but the dress does not fit. This could mean that while you want to be strong you often feel insecure about your abilities.

19. PsychPort: Drugs: SUN

20. Why do we dream?
Wish Fulfillment: Sigmund Freud suggested that dreams provide a psychic safety valve to discharge unacceptable feelings. The dream’s manifest (apparent) content may also have symbolic meanings (latent content) that signify our unacceptable feelings.
OBJECTIVE 10| Compare the major perspectives on why we dream.

21. Information Processing: Dreams may help sift, sort, and fix a day’s experiences in our memories.

22. Why do we dream?
Physiological Function: Dreams provide the sleeping brain with periodic stimulation to develop and preserve neural pathways. Neural networks of newborns are quickly developing; therefore, they need more sleep.

23. Why do we dream?
Activation-Synthesis Theory: Suggests that the brain engages in a lot of random neural activity. Dreams make sense of this activity.
Cognitive Development: Some researchers argue that we dream as a part of brain maturation and cognitive development.
All dream researchers believe we need REM sleep. When
deprived of REM sleep and then allowed to sleep,
we show increased REM sleep called REM Rebound.

24. Dream Theories
Summary

25. Lucid Dream