1. 11th International Conference on
Advanced Materials and Processing
Title: The Mechanical Properties Of Normal Concrete With Inclusion Of Polypropylene Fibre
Noor Faisal Abas

2. INTRODUCTION
Concrete is inherent brittle material which related to strong compression but weak in tension
Concrete are the most man made product with combination of aggregate,cement,water and admixture.
Fibre reinforced concrete are used in improve the existing of crack and enhance the flexural strength.
Fibre also act as ‘crack arrester’ to hold the concrete from a bigger width of crack
Polypropylene fibre and steel fibre are popular fibre that usually use in construction industry.
Polypropylene are fibre that easy to work it, and don’t affect the surface texture or appearance of finished concrete (Cheng & Olsen, 2003)

3. PROBLEM STATEMENT Concrete are known as brittle and easily crack
Crack play a important role as they change concrete structure into permeable elements and consequently with high risk of corrosion
Crack exist at all stage in the life of a concrete structure. It can influence by load change due to settlement of plastic, rise curing temperature and etc. (Beeby & R.S, 1995)
Crack not only reduce the quality of concrete and make it aesthetically unacceptable but also make structure out of service.
Huge crack that significance to structure failure take a great concern in repairing and rehabilitation of structure in time consuming and cost.

4. To recommend optimum percentage of polypropylene fibre
OBJECTIVE
To compare the mechanical properties of normal concrete and the performance of concrete in addition of polypropylene fibre
To examine the durability of concrete when mix with polypropylene fibre
To recommend optimum percentage of polypropylene fibre

5. LITERATURE REVIEW Fibres are divide into 2 type: -Synthetic Fibres
Example: Polypropylene fibres, polyester fibres
-Natural Fibres
Example: Coconut fibre,kenaf fibre,oil palm fibre
Polypropylene fibre are divide into 2 type:
- Fibrillated
-Monofilament

6. Fibrillated polypropylene fibre
Monofilament polypropylene fibre

7. LITERATURE REVIEW
Polypropylene fibre was firstly use in construction industry on year 1965
Usage of fibrillated polypropylene fibre in concrete has portray some advantage over that monofilament due to ease distribution in matrix and improvement on the mechanical bond between fibre and matrix (N.Meamanian, 1991).
Polypropylene fibre are known as hydrophobic where it does not absorb water and does not influence in water cement ratio (Amit Rai, 2014).
Polypropylene also be function in reduce the micro crack that happen on concrete when curing process and apply of it to improve strength of concrete while the matrix protect the fibre (Dr.T.Ch.Madhari, 2014).

8. LABORATORY TEST PROGRAMME
METHODOLOGY
LITERATURE SURVEY
MIX DESIGN
LABORATORY TEST PROGRAMME
FLEXURAL STRENGTH
COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH
WATER ABSORPTION
RESULT ANALYSIS
FINAL REPORT

9. METHODOLOGY Doe (Department of the Experiment) method
Concrete mix
Water content(kg)
Cement
(kg)
Fine aggregate
Coarse aggregate
Polypropylene fibre
w/c ratio 0%
11.36
17.22
45.97
68.96
0.66
0.3%
0.16
0.6%
0.32
0.9%
0.48
Polypropylene fibre are supplied from Timuran Engineering Sdn.Bhd.
The length of this type of fibre is 19mm with specific gravity 0.9 kg / dm 3
All mould was filled with mixed concrete, it was placed under the roof for 24 hour to ensure that the concrete are generally hardened. After 24 hour, the mould can be open and the concrete specimens are placed on the water tank for the curing process.
The result of each test are take every 7,14,21 and 28 days.

10. METHODOLOGY Compressive strength test
-compressive strength is the important test which give an idea
about characteristic of hardened concrete and quality of concrete
-The test is done according to BS EN :2009.
Flexural test
- The flexural test used prism specimen where this test
using the two points loading up and down arrangement
- It is a important test in measure the FRC because fibre are well
known in enhancing the flexural strength in concrete.
-This test is followed according to BS EN with
using GOTECH Universal Testing Machine.
Water absorption test
-Water absorption test is conducted to determine the absorption ability of the
concrete specimens.
-It shows by the ratio weight of water absorbed by the composite material for a
period of the time to the weight of dry materials.

11. METHODOLOGY CORE MACHINE FLEXURAL MACHINE COMPRESSIVE TEST MACHINE
Core specimen
(75mmx100mm)
Cube specimen
(100mmx100mmx100mm)
Prism specimen
(500mmx100mmx100mm)

12. RESULTS & DISCUSSION COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH
The average of compression test 0%
(control)
0.3%
0.6%
0.9%
7 Day
13.26
13.15
13.16
11.69
14 Day
14.32
13.90
13.42
12.77
21 Day
14.80
14.82
15.35
13.67
28 Day
16.07
16.25
16.06
14.17
Highest compressive strength 16.25N/mm2(0.3%) & N/mm2 (control mix)

13. RESULTS & DISCUSSION FLEXURAL TEST
Average of
Flexural test
0%(control)
0.3%
0.6%
0.9%
7 Day
6.52
7.44
7.54
7.39
14 Day
6.78
9.30
8.53
9.49
21 Day
8.21
9.34
9.31
10.40
28 Day
7.80
9.72
9.94
10.23
Highest flexural strength is Mpa (0.9%) while control just 7.80 Mpa .

14. RESULTS & DISCUSSION WATER ABSORPTION TEST
Average of
Water absorption test
0%(control)
0.3%
0.6%
0.9%
7 Day
6.33
6.09
6.44
6.48
14 Day
6.10
5.82
5.43
6.00
21 Day
6.26
6.06
5.47
5.52
28 Day
5.19
5.34
5.48
The lowest result is 5.19% (0.3%) while for the control is just 5.43% (control)
In theory, the water absorption decrease with the age because of quality of concrete that improve according to reduction of water absorption in the specimen.

15. CONCLUSION
The inclusion of polypropylene fibre in normal concrete doesn’t enhance the compressive strength when the highest result was 0.3% while above than 0.3% become decrease.Beside,normal concrete got lower result that 0.3%.
According to the flexural test, it can conclude that increases flexural strength is highly depend on the content of polypropylene fibre .Thus, 0.9% has higher result Mpa compare to normal concrete that just 8.21 Mpa. Overall concrete that inclusion with fibres has high result than normal concrete.
  The inclusion of Polypropylene fibres in normal concrete is effectively improve in durability of fibre reinforced concrete where in theory, the water absorption decrease with the age because of quality of concrete that improve according to reduction of water absorption in the specimen. The lowest result is 0.3% with 5.19% at 28 day .
The optimum percentage of fibre was 0.9% of polypropylene fibre where it has higher result in flexural test. The higher flexural results are depending on the fibre content. Inclusion of fibre has proved that it can slow down the propagation of crack.

16. REFERENCE
1)A.M.ALhozaimy, P. &. (1996). Mechanical Properties of Polypropylene Fibre Reinforced Concrete and The Effect of Pozzolanic Material. Cement & Concrete Composite , 18,
2)Amit Rai, D. Y. (2014). Application and Properties of Fibre Reinforced Concrete. Journal of Engineering Research and Application , 4 (5),
3)Beeby, A., & R. N. (1995). Designer's Handbook to Eurocode 2:1 Design of Concrete Structure. USA: Thomas Telford Service Ltd.
4)Carpinteri, A. (1986). Mechanical Damage and Crack Growth In Concrete (First ed.). Netherland: Martinus Nijhoff Publishers.
5)Cheng, F.-T., & Olsen, E. (2003). Concrete Countertop. New Town: The Tounton Press.
6)Dr.T.Ch.Madhari, L. R. (2014). Polypropylene Fibre Reinforced Concrete. International Journal of Emerging Technology and Advanced Engineering , 4 (4), 117.
7)Gonzalo Martinez, F. G. (2011). Mechanical Properties of Polyproplyene Fibre Reinforced Concrete after Gamma Radiation. 42 (5),
8)N.Meamanian, A. &. (1991). Distribution and Opening of Fibrillated Polypropylene Fibre In Concrete. Cement and Concrete Composite , 13,
9)Pillai, S. U., & Menon, D. (1998,2003). Reinforced Concrete Design (Second ed.). India, New Delhi: Tata McGraw-Hill Publishing Company Limited.