1. Introduction to Database Systems
Computer Science & Engineering
Introduction to Database Systems
This lecture will cover the use of some basic functions provided by EXCEL. We will be explore how these functions work and how they can be used to solve problems.

2. Database Terms Data Information A collection of numbers and text
Information
Meaning derived from the data
SSN:

3. What is a database? Examples of computer databases
A large collection of data stored in a well-defined structure
You can think of a database as
An electronic filing system
A repository for large amounts of information
Example of a paper database
Telephone book
Examples of computer databases
Ohio State stores student information in a database
Insurance companies store policy holder information in a database
Your employer stores your information in a database

4. Database Software How do I create a database?
Purchase the software
We will use MS Access 2010, but there are many database software products
Oracle
Sybase
SQL Server
How do I access information in the database?
Purchase a Database Management System (DBMS)
A DBMS is a collection of programs that enable you to enter, organize, and select data in a database.
We will use MS Access 2013, but there are many database management software products

5. Steps when setting up a Database
The design should be initially created schematically, and then the database should be created using the chosen database software

6. 1. Decide what information you will store in the database
Research Papers database
First Name
Charge Amount
Last Name
Charge Date
Address
Payment Amount
City
Payment Type
State
Payment Date
Zip Code
Home Phone
This database is a very simplistic one. Most databases you create will be much more complex.

7. 2. Create the layout of the database
What tables do you need in your database?
What is a table?
An entity used to organize information by categories of like information

8. Research Papers Database Tables
Client
Stores client information
Charges
Stores client charges information
Payments
Stores client payment information
PaymentMethod
Stores the payment method
Credit Card
Cash
Check

9. 2. Create the layout of the database
What fields do you need in your database?
What is a field?
An attribute (piece of information) of the table/entity.
How will you set them up?
Divide Tables into Inseparable Fields
Address as 1 field –
17 Main St. New York, New York 10002
Address as 4 fields
Street Address - 17 Main St.
City - New York
State - New York
Zip code – 10002

10. Research Papers Database
Table Name:
Client
Fields:
Client ID
First Name
Last Name
Address
City
State
Zip Code
Home Phone
Charges
Charge Amount
Charge Date
Payments
Payment Amount
Payment Type
Payment Date
PaymentMethod
MethodID
MethodType

11. 2. Create the layout of the database
Fields contain field types/data types and field properties
What is a field Type/Data Type?
Defines the type of information that can be stored. i.e. text, numbers, dates, etc.
What is a field Property?
Field size
Input Mask
Validity
Default Value

12. Research Papers Database
Table Name:
Client
Field Type/
Data Type
Properties
Fields:
Client ID
Text
5 Characters long
Primary Key
First Name
25 Characters long
Last Name
50 Characters long
Address
60 Characters long
City
State
2 Characters long
Default Value
Zip Code
Home Phone
10 Characters long
Input Mask
Charges
Field Type
Charge Amount
Currency
None
Charge Date
Date
Input Mast
Payments
Payment Amount
Payment Type
Payment Date
PaymentMethod
MethodID
MethodType
20 Characters long

13. 2. Create the layout of the database
What will be the primary key for each table?
A field, or a collection of fields, whose values uniquely identify each record in a table

14. Research Papers Database
Table Name:
Client
Field Type/
Data Type
Properties
Fields:
Client ID
Text
5 Characters long
Primary Key
First Name
25 Characters long
Last Name
50 Characters long
Address
60 Characters long
City
State
2 Characters long
Default Value
Zip Code
Home Phone
10 Characters long
Input Mask
Charges
Field Type
Charge Amount
Currency
None
Charge Date
Date
Input Mast
Payments
Payment Amount
Payment Type
Payment Date
PaymentMethod
MethodID
MethodType
20 Characters long

15. CSE 2111 Introduction to Database Systems
File
Primary Key
Table
Data Type/Field Type
Each Record is made up of 8 Fields
A field, or combination of fields, which uniquely identifies a record in a database
Primary Key
Field Properties
CSE 2111 Introduction to Database Systems

16. How is a database Organized? (Hierarchy of Data in a database)
Table
File
16 Records
Each Record is made up of 8 Fields
CSE 2111 Introduction to Database Systems

17. Tables & Relationships
Quick Review-Steps when Creating a Database
Steps to complete before creating the database using the software
Decide what information you will store in the database
Create the layout of the database
Create a relationship diagram to identify the table relationships, primary keys and foreign keys
4. Create the database using the database software

18. Create the database using the database software
Create the Database File
Create the tables
Fields
Primary keys
Field Types
Field Properties
We know the information we want to store, but how do we match a customer’s name to their charges and payments?
We need a way to relate these two tables to extract useful information.
We can relate these two tables by matching the Client ID
We do this by “Joining” the tables
Create the Relationships

20. ∞ 1 Parent Child Table Name: Client Primary Key: ClientID Table Name:
Payments
Primary Key:
None
FK: ClientID On Payments table

21. Relationship Rules
Must be a primary key in least one of the tables in the relationship.
The related fields must be the same data type
number, text etc.
The foreign key field must contain the same information as the primary key field.
The field names on each table do not have to match as long as the information is the same.
FK: ClientID On
Payments table
Table Name: Client
Primary Key: ClientID
Table Name: Payments
Primary Key: None

22. Referential Data Integrity
A set of rules that specifies what records may exist in each table
A record input with a foreign key must always have a matching record in the primary key table in the relationship

23. Cascade Delete Related Records
Removing any entry in a primary key field will automatically remove all entries in foreign key fields of related tables.
Cascade Update Related Records
Updating any entry in a primary key field will automatically update all entries in foreign key fields of related tables.

24. ∞ ∞ ∞ 1 1 1 Parent Parent Child Child Child Parent Table Name: Client
FK: ClientID On Payments table
FK: ClientID On Charges table
Table Name:
Client
Primary Key:
ClientID
Parent
Parent 1 1
Child ∞
Child ∞
Table Name:
Payments
Primary Key:
None
Table Name:
Charges
Primary Key:
None ∞
Child
FK: PaymentType On Payments table 1
Parent
Table Name:
MethodTypes
Primary Key:
MethodID
A Foreign Key (FK) is a field that defines the relationship between 2 tables.

25. Access DBMS “objects”:
Tables - a list of data organized into fields and records
Queries - question structures to sort, filter and select specific information
Forms - structures for screen views of data
Reports - structures for written output of data
Program Modules & Macros - program code to perform specific actions
CSE 2111 Introduction to Database Management Systems

26. CSE 2111 Introduction to Database Management Systems
Tables
A table is an entity used to organize information by categories of like information
A database is made up of one or more tables
CSE 2111 Introduction to Database Management Systems

27. CSE 2111 Introduction to Database Management Systems
Queries
Used to extract information from a database
CSE 2111 Introduction to Database Management Systems

28. CSE 2111 Introduction to Database Management Systems
What is a database Form?
Structures for screen view and input of information
Used to simplify viewing and inputting of information
Datasheet View
Form View
CSE 2111 Introduction to Database Management Systems

29. What is a database Report?
Structures for viewing written output of information
CSE 2111 Introduction to Database Management Systems