1. Fatima Ghassan Sharaqa
Prepared by :
Samar Issam Mustafa
Hanan Basem Qadan
Fatima Ghassan Sharaqa
Supervisor:
Dr. Barraq Jumaa

2. Contents
Safety training
House keeping
Personal protective equipment

3. Contents Scaffolding and fall protection Excavation Confined space
Fire safety

4. Objective
Our objective is to present this project as a proposed policy (manual) for safety in construction site.

5. Scope
Safety scope is not to prevent accidents but to reduce accidents. The best way to do so is to follow the right procedure during the construction process, and to prepare risk assessment for each activity before carrying it out.

6. Methodology
In this research our information have been collected through reading and through visits to several projects in our country Palestine and through observations.

7. Introduction
We can define safety as the condition or state of being safe, freedom from danger or hazard, being far from hurt, injury, or loss.

8. If no right action is taken, the situation will get worse
Introduction
The situation of safety in construction sites in Palestine is bad, the percentage of accidents in construction sites reaches 24% of all accidents of the other 10 commercial sectors in Palestine according to Palestinian labor office for the year 2011 until April,2012.
If no right action is taken, the situation will get worse

9. Chapter1
Training program

10. Safety training program
Building and improving the common sense
Care for an injured or infected person
Whose responsibility is it?

11. Chapter 2 Housekeeping

12. House keeping Prevent minor injuries Prevent major accidents
Advantages of good housekeeping:
Prevent minor injuries
Prevent major accidents
Increase job productivity

13. House keeping
*Hazard: There is a falling material hazard to the public, Storage of material is within 6 feet from a second store opening, this area must be surrounded with a safety net.

14. House keeping
*Safe: Safety net is placed to protect public from falling material hazards, it can also hold workers if they face a falling hazard.

15. House keeping
*Hazard: Poor housekeeping may cause injuries because of thrown materials.

16. Chapter 3
Personal protective equipment (PPE)

17. Personal protective equipment
Clothing
Head protection
Eye protection

18. Personal protective equipment
Foot protection
Hand protection
Lungs protection
Body protection from falling hazards

19. Personal protective equipment
*Safe: good eye protection and good head protection.
*Safe: keeping on the grinder protection while using it.

20. Personal protective equipment
*Hazard: poor head protection, hat with holes is not acceptable , it's the time for a new one.
Every hat has an expiration date if it is not fractured or cracked for 3 years.

21. Personal protective equipment
*Safe: wearing lather extended boot when being directly exposed to concrete.

22. Scaffolding and fall protection
Chapter 4
Scaffolding and fall protection

23. Scaffolding and fall protection
Scaffolding main parts

24. Scaffolding and fall protection
Some of safety rules in Scaffolding
Ensure the footing for scaffolds are rigid, and capable of carrying the maximum intended load without settling or displacement. Do not use unstable objects such as boxes, loose bricks or concrete blocks to support scaffolds.
 Ledgers are spaced vertically not more than 2.1m apart.

25. Scaffolding and fall protection
Some of safety rules in Scaffolding
Inspection and Tagging the scaffolds
Timber platforms should contain two layers of wooden(timber) boards with a minimum thickness of 5 cm.
Toe boards which are at least 150 mm high from the level of the scaffold platform and are so affixed that no space exists between the toe boards and the scaffold platform 

26. Scaffolding and fall protection
*Safe: Safe access to reach the scaffolds platforms.
*Hazard: Fall of material and equipment hazard because the Toe board is not affixed to the bottom of the platform, see (4.3.c).

27. Scaffolding and fall protection
*Hazard: weak connection leads to less protection and possible failure of this area.
*Hazard: missing of inspection and tagging of the scaffolds if it's safe to be used or not.

28. Scaffolding and fall protection
*Hazard: falling hazard from the roof of a five stories building.

29. Chapter5
Excavation

30. Excavation Safety Excavation planning consideration
* insure a safe work place for not only the work crew but vehicular and pedestrian traffic as well.
*Determination of the location of underground utilities.
*Consideration of confined space hazard possibilities.
*Use of appropriate safety clothing and equipment.
*Adherence to standards or other safe work practices.

31. Excavation Excavation planning consideration Practicality
*Where to park the equipment.
*Where to excavate.
*Where to place the backfill material.
*Method of securing the excavation.

32. *Prior notification of job starts up to allow for moving of vehicles.
Excavation
Excavation planning consideration
*Prior notification of job starts up to allow for moving of vehicles.
*Minimizing disturbance to property and maximizing restoration efforts.
Public relations

33. Excavation
Ways to spell safe
Slopping
Shoring

34. Excavation
Slopping

35. Excavation
*Safe: the excavation was implemented on 90 degrees since this soil is considered to be stable rock.

36. Chapter6
Confined space

37. Confined Space
Confined space Definition : OSHA defines a confined space as “any space having a limited means of egress, which is subjected to accumulation of toxic or flammable contaminants or has an oxygen deficient atmosphere”.

38. Confined Space
* Escape from such areas may be very difficult in emergency situations.
* Oxygen deficient Atmospheres.
*Toxic atmosphere.
* Flammable atmospheres.

39. Confined Space
*Safe : Wearing personal fall arrest system through working in a confined space.

40. Chapter 7
Fire Safety

41. Electricity , smoking, cutting and welding
Fire Safety
Electricity , smoking, cutting and welding
Storage, Ventilation

42. Fire safety
Hazard :
*Hazard: electrical cable laid in wet area makes hazard of fire or explosion.

43. Fire safety
*Hazard: flammable material reserved in open space direct to sunlight

44. Recommendation
1.To adopt this project as a manual for safety rules in construction sites.
2.To apply the training program in every construction site even if it's only submitted 15 minutes every day.
3.Asking for competent supervisors of insurance companies to monitor applying safety rules hand by hand with contractors companies and owners.

45. Remember
Safety doesn't mean a hat and a vest it's about culture and education it's also about training and developing human skills.