1. Chapter 1 The Nature of Science

2. The Methods of Science What is Science?
Discuss what students think science is… then compare to textbook.
What are questions science can answer? What questions cannot be answered by science?

3. The Methods of Science Major Categories of Science - Science Changes
Scientific Explanations can change based on more information
- Model of the Atom
Do scientists one stick to one major category of science or do they overlap, explain?
Give another example of Scintific Explainations changing.
- Spontaneous Generation
- Geocentric vs. Heliocentric

5. The Methods of Science Investigations Observations Experiments
Modeling

6. The Methods of Science Scientific Methods
- scientists may add or skip steps
- State problem
- Research/Gather Information
- Form Hypothesis
- Test a Hypothesis
Experiment -
Variables -
Independent Variable -
Dependent Variable -
Constant -
Control -
Play brainpop movie first
Give teams cards, have them generate a problem to solve through experimentation, then switch cards and New teams must develop a hypothesis for each card. Then teams must generate an experiment identifying constants, independent, dependent and control.

7. The Methods of Science - Analyze the data - Draw Conclusions
- Peer Review
- Being Objective
Bias –
How can one lessen bias in an experiment?
Data supports or does not support hypothesis… no proof.
Bias can be lessened by
running as many trials as possible
keeping accurate notes
blind experiments
measurable data

8. The Methods of Science Visualizing with Models Model –
When would a model be useful?
Scientific Theories and Laws
theory –
scientific law –
How are theories and laws similar and different?
Limitations of Science
What are some limitations of science?

9. Standards of Measurement
What is the positive thing about using a standard?
Measurement Systems
English System vs. Metric

10. Standards of Measurement

11. Standards of Measurement
- Converting Between SI units
-Using Conversion Factors
Example:
1700 mg = ______g
1700 mg X __1g____=
1000 mg
Answer :

12. Standards of Measurement
-Using the Ladder Method
Example:
1700 mg = ______g
K H Da B D C M
Find starting place. Jump to ending place.
Move decimal on number, same jumps.
Answer :

13. Standards of Measurement
Let’s Practice!!!!!
3.2 mg = ________ g
450 cm = ________mm
12.39 kL = _______L
392, 500 mm = _______km

14. Standards of Measurement
• Measuring Length
-Base Unit = meter
-Use the right unit for the job
• Measuring Volume
- volume -
-How do you find the volume of a brick?
-How do you find the volume of a bolt?
-cm3 (cc) & mL

15. Standards of Measurement
• Measuring Mass and Density
-matter –
-mass –
- How do you measure the mass of something in a container, like water?
-density –
-What are derived units?

16. Standards of Measurement
1) A block of aluminum occupies a volume of 15.0 mL and has a mass of 40.5 g. What is its density?
2) A rectangular block of copper metal mass of 1896 g. The dimensions of the block are 8.4 cm by 5.5 cm by 4.6 cm. From this data, what is the density of copper?
3) Calculate the density of sulfuric acid if 35.4 mL of the acid weighs g.

17. Standards of Measurement
• Measuring Time -SI Unit = second
Measuring Temperature
-Celsius
-Fahrenheit
- Kelvin

18. Standards of Measurement
1. Convert 150 Celsius to
Fahrenheit
Kelvin to Celsius
Fahrenheit to Celsius

19. Communicating with Graphs
• A Visual Display
-graph –
-Why are graphs useful?
-What types of graphs are there?

20. Communicating with Graphs
• Line Graphs
-usually changes over time
-multiple lines on same graph
-Constructing line graphs
-X-axis = independent variable
-Y-axis = dependent variable

21. Communicating with Graphs
• Bar Graphs
-comparing information
-x-axis = independent variable
-y-axis = dependent variable

22. Communicating with Graphs
• Circle Graphs (pie charts)
-shows how fixed quantity is broken into parts using percentages

23. Science and Technology
• What is technology?
- Technology –
- Technology can be
- Objects
- Methods or techniques
- Knowledge or skills
- Systems of people or objects
Science and Technology

24. Science and Technology
• Global Technological Needs
- Developing Countries vs
Industrialized Countries

25. Science and Technology
• Social Forces that Shape Technology
- Society –
- Development of technology is affected by society
- Values
- Politics
- Economics

26. Science and Technology
• Economic Forces that Shape Technology
-Federal Government
- Private Foundations
- Private Industries

27. Science and Technology
• Moral and Ethical Issues
- establishes standards that scientists will follow when conducting Investigations
- creates laws and guidelines to prevent unethical treatment
- ex. Tuskegee experiment, radiation experiments
- Biotechnology
- stem cells
- GM crops
Science and Technology

28. Science and Technology