1. Scientific revolution

3. QUESTION
How many of you have asked a parent or a teacher a question, and gotten this response:

5. question
Question: Does that response bother you? And if so… Why?

6. Please open to
Page 302

7. “For the first time explorers searched for scientific discoveries instead of wealth or glory.” (Spielvogel, 302)

8. Vocabulary: geocentric
“having or relating to the earth as center” (Merriam Webster)

9. GEOCENTRIC SOLAR SYSTEM

10. Vocabulary: heliocentric
“having or relating to the sun as center” *Nicolaus Copernicus (Merriam Webster)

11. Heliocentric SOLAR SYSTEM

13. question
“How might a change this drastic make people feel about their world, and their place in it?” (Frick 12)

14. Our solar system
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15. Copernicus vs ptolemy

16. Galileo galilei

17. Galileo’s 2 major works:
“The Starry Messenger” “Dialogue on the Two Great World Systems”

18. Galileo
“Using his telescope, Galileo based his findings on direct empirical, or sensory observation, and discarded the old systems of thought based on the accepted authorities of the Bible, and the ancient philosophers Aristotle and Ptolemy, who had been absorbed into Catholic dogma.” (Frick, 9)

19. galileo
“…[Galileo] used his own home-made telescope to make some startling new discoveries. He proved, along the way, that the heliocentric theory of Copernicus was correct.” (Frick 19)

20. Galileo overview
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21. Johannes Kepler
“…a German mathemetician, took the next step in destroying the Ptolemaic system.” (Spielvogel 304)

22. Johannes kepler

23. Johannes kepler
“Kepler used detailed astronomical data to arrive at his laws of planetary motion.” (Spielvogel 304)

24. Kepler’s model of the solar system

25. JOHANNES KEPLER
“His observations confirmed that the sun was at the center of the universe and also added new information.” (Spielvogel 304)

26. Johannes kepler

27. Johannes kepler: mini biography
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28. Isaac newton

29. Newton
“Newton published his Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy, or Principia, as is often known.” “In this work of creative synthesis, Newton found a way to bring Kepler and Galileo together, showing that the same laws governed both the terrestrial and celestial realms.” (Frick, 7)

31. Newton continued
“He gave mathematical proofs that all motion could be calculated and measured, and represented by a universal mathematical formula.” (Frick 7)

33. Vocabulary: Universal law of gravitation
“…Every object in the universe is attracted to every other object by a force called gravity.” (Merriam Webster)

34. Neil degrasse tyson on Isaac NEWTON
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35. Inventors and inventions
Zacharias Janssen – invented the microscope
Galileo Galilei – invented the thermometer
Gabriel Fahrenheit – later improved the thermometer
Hans Lippershey – first devised the telescope, which was then built a year later by Galileo

36. Scientific revolution
“The reliance on strict observation and mathematical proofs to check the validity of a hypothesis was a fundamentally new idea which replaced the philosophical ideas of Aristotle, upon which the study of natural science had been based.” (Frick, 6)

37. Scientific revolution

39. question
“What would be the consequences for society if men and women as a result now began to rely on their own rational powers, their own ability to think and figure things out, rather than just obeying existing authority?” (Frick, 22)

40. Rene descartes

41. Rene descartes: school of life
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42. Vocabulary: Famous quote
“I think therefore I am” -Rene Descartes

43. Rene Descartes
“…has rightly been called the father of modern rationalism. This system of thought is based on the belief that reason is the chief source of knowledge.” (Spielvogel, 309)

44. Vocabulary: rationalism
“a view that reason and experience rather than the nonrational are the fundamental criteria in the solution of problems” (Merriam Webster)

45. Vocabulary: Scientific method
“A systematic procedure for collecting and analyzing evidence.” “The scientific method was crucial to the evolution of science in the modern world.” (Spielvogel 309)

46. Question

47. question
Q: Who Invented the Scientific Method?

48. Francis Bacon!

50. Scientific method breakdown
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51. Vocabulary: Inductive reasoning
“Proceeding from the particular to the general” (Merriam Webster)

52. Deduction and induction
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53. SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION VIDEO QUESTIONS
“As far back as 400 BC, the Greeks conceived the Earth as a _______________ object around which the planets orbited. “Greek and Byzantine ideas inspired renaissance thinkers to _____________ Aristotle’s Physics.” “Medieval European scholarship had largely been based on _____________. “Science showed how things ___________, not who designed them.” “Einstein endorsed Lemaitre’s theory of an expanding _____________.” “No longer was the ___________ at the center of creation.” “Today’s Catholic church ___________ the findings of Copernicus, Galileo, and their colleagues. Largely embracing the ___________ it once sought to extinguish.”

54. question

55. question
Would the world be better or worse if smart phones disappeared? AND… Would people be better able to think for themselves?

56. GENERAL OVERVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION
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57. VOCABULARY: inquisition
“a former Roman Catholic court for the discovery and punishment of heresy” (Merriam Webster)

58. Inquisition overview
“When instituting an inquiry in a district, an inquisitor would normally declare a period of grace during which those who voluntarily confessed their own involvement in heresy and that of others would be given only light penances.” (Britannica)

60. Inquisition overview
“The inquisitor used these confessions to compile a list of suspects whom he summoned to his tribunal. Failure to appear was considered evidence of guilt. The trial was often a battle of wits between the inquisitor and the accused.” (Britannica)

62. Inquisition overview
“The only other people present were a notary, who kept a record of the proceedings, and sworn witnesses, who attested the record’s accuracy.” (Britannica)

64. Inquisition overview (Britannica)
“No lawyer would defend a suspect for fear of being accused of abetting heresy, and suspects were not normally told what charges had been made against them or by whom. The accused might appeal to the pope before proceedings began, but this involved considerable expense.”
(Britannica)

66. Inquisition overview
“Heretics who admitted their errors but refused to recant were handed over to the secular authorities and burned at the stake. There were usually not many cases of this kind, because the chief aim of the inquisitors was to reconcile heretics to the church.” (Britannica)

67. Tycho brahe
“Born December 14, 1546, Denmark” “Died October 24, 1601, Prague” (Britannica.com)

69. Tycho brahe
“Danish astronomer whose work in developing astronomical instruments and in measuring and fixing the positions of stars paved the way for future discoveries.” (Britannica)

71. Tycho brahe
“His observations—the most accurate possible before the invention of the telescope—included a comprehensive study of the solar system and accurate positions of more than 777 fixed stars.” (Britannica)

73. Career of tycho brahe
“Surrounded by scholars and visited by learned travelers from all over Europe, Tycho and his assistants collected observations and substantially corrected nearly every known astronomical record.” (Britannica)

75. Career of tycho brahe
“He proposed a modified Copernican system in which the planets revolved around the Sun, which in turn moved around the stationary Earth.” (Britannica)

77. Career of tycho Brahe
“What Tycho accomplished, using only his simple instruments and practical talents, remains an outstanding accomplishment of the Renaissance.” (Britannica)

78. Tycho brahe – ted ed
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79. Pessimist/optimist

80. pessimist
“a person who is inclined to expect poor outcomes” (Merriam Webster)

81. question

82. question
Can the perspectives of pessimists be valuable to society? Turn to the person next to you and discuss…

83. Blaise pascal
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84. Blaise pascal
“Pessimistic exaggeration is comforting.” (School of Life)

85. Pascal: legacy
“Pascal's inventions and discoveries have been instrumental to developments in the fields of geometry, physics and computer science, influencing 17th-century visionaries like Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz and Isaac Newton.” (Biography.com)

87. Pascal: legacy
“During the 20th century, the Pascal (Pa) unit was named after the thinker in honor of his contributions to the understanding of atmospheric pressure and how it could be estimated in terms of weight.” (Biography.com)

89. Pascal: legacy
“In the late 1960s, Swiss computer scientist Nicklaus Wirth invented a computer language and insisted on naming it after Pascal. This was Wirth's way of memorializing Pascal's invention of the Pascaline, one of the earliest forms of the modern computer.” (Biography.com)

91. Figures from the scientific revolution
Nicolaus Copernicus
Johannes Kepler
Galileo Galilei
Isaac Newton
Margaret Cavendish
Maria Winklemann
Rene Descartes
Francis Bacon
Andreas Vesalius
William Harvey
Robert Boyle
Antoine Lavoisier
Evangelista Torricelli

93. question
“Why was the church so weary of critics in that it felt the need to stifle Galileo?” (Frick, 22)

95. question
“What would be the consequences for society if men as a result now began to rely on their own rational powers, their own ability to think and figure things out, rather than just obeying existing authority?” (Frick, 22)

97. question
Why do we obey existing authority in the first place?

98. Works cited
Eggen, Olin Jeuck. “Tycho Brahe.” Encyclopædia Britannica, Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc., 11 May 2017, astronomer.
Frick, Carole Collier. The Scientific Revolution: a Unit of Study for Grades National Center for History in the Schools, University of California, Los Angeles, 2012.
Peters, Edward, and Bernard Hamilton. “Inquisition.” Encyclopædia Britannica, Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc., 10 Aug. 2016,
Spielvogel, Jackson J. World History: Modern Times. Glencoe//McGraw-Hill, 2010.
“Explore Encyclopedia Britannica.” Encyclopædia Britannica, Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.,