AIX 6 Excellence Ravi Singh IBM Power Systems rsingh@us.ibm.com.

AIX 6 Excellence Ravi Singh IBM Power Systems

Characteristics of a good OS - AIX
Availability Power Systems with AIX delivers % uptime Virtualization support Optimized and integrated with POWER and PowerVM Security Compliant with several security certifications and standards Performance Industry leading benchmarks Roadmap Strong and stable roadmap consistent with new releases ISV Adoption More than 11,000 applications available Industry standard Features UNIX, Security and Open standards Innovative and unique features Features available only in AIX

Distributed Client-Server
20+ Years of AIX Progress 2001 2002 AIX/6000 AIX V2 & V3 Establishment in the market: - RISC Support - UNIX credibility Open Sys. Stds.. Dynamic Kernel JFS and LVM SMIT AIX V4.1/4.2 SMP Scalability: - POWERPC spt. 4-8 way SMP Kernel Threads Client/Server pkg NFS V3 CDE UNIX95 branded NIM > 2GB filesystems HACMP Clustering POSIX , , XPG4 Runtime Linking Java 1.1.2 AIX V4.3 Higher levels of scalability: 24-way SMP 64-bit HW support 96 GB memory - UNIX98 branded - TCP/IP V6 - IPsec Web Sys. Mgr. LDAP Dir. Server. - Workload Mgr Java JDT/JIT Direct I/O Alt. Disk Install - Exp/Bonus CDs AIX V5.1 Industry Leading Performance: POWER4 support Static LPAR Linux Affinity New 64bit kernel 32-way SMP 256GB mem JFS2 Networking enh. Java 2 support Dynamic CPU Deallocation Cluster Mgt (CSM) GRID Toolkit AIX V5.2 Flexible Resource Management: POWER4+ spt. Dynamic LPAR Dynamic CUoD Dyn. CPU Sparing 512GB mem 16 TB filesystems UNIX03 branded Concurrent I/O MultiPath I/O Mobile IP V6 System UE Gard Flex LDAP Client XSSO PAM spt AIX V5.3 Advanced Virtualization: - POWER5 spt. 64-way SMP SMT MicroPartitions™ Virt I/O Server Partition Load Mgr NFS Version 4 Adv. Accounting - Scaleable VG - JFS2 Shrink - SUMA - SW RAS features - POSIX Realtime AIX V6.1 PowerVM Virtualization: - POWER6 support - Workload Partitions - Application Mobility - Continuous Avail. - Storage Keys - Dynamic tracing - Software FFDC - Recovery Rtns - Concurrent MX - Trusted AIX - RBAC - Encrypting JFS2 - AIX Security Expert Compliance Expert AIX Runtime Expert AIX V3.2.5 Maturity: - Stability - Quality Open Systems Workstations Distributed Client-Server Network Centric Computing e-Business Computing On Demand Business POWER of 6 Uni-processor 4-8 way SMP 24-way SMP 32-way SMP 32-way SMP 64/way SMP

Unsurpassed Reliability
According to a recent Yankee Group study* of 400 Windows, Linux and UNIX users, AIX was the most reliable server operating system: “IBM’s AIX achieved the highest level of reliability, with corporate enterprises reporting and average of only 36 minutes of downtime per server in a 12-month period” * Source: “Unix, Linux Uptime and Reliability Increase; Patch Management Woes Plague Windows” © 2008 Yankee Group Research, Inc. All rights reserved

Power Systems with AIX deliver 99
Power Systems with AIX deliver % uptime - 54% of IT executives and managers say that they require 99.99% or better availability for their applications Power Systems with AIX delivers the best RAS of UNIX, Linux, and Windows Availability: The least amount of downtime 15 minutes a year 2.3 times better than the closest UNIX competitor more than 10X better than Windows Reliability: The fewest unscheduled outages less than one outage per year Serviceability: The fastest patch time 11 minutes to apply a patch Now let’s look at reliability, availability, and serviceability. A recent survey of 400 IT users worldwide by ITIC showed that the combination of AIX and Power Systems provides the best result in each of these categories. Our availability is % - 2 ½ times the next best UNIX alternative and 10 times better than Windows on x86. AIX/Power reliability was best with less than one outage per year per system. This is particularly impressive when you consider that Power systems dominates the midrange and highend and so the average configuration of our systems is much larger than the competitive systems. We have more hardware to fail but it doesn’t bring the system down because of the way our HW, firmware, and OS work together. This survey only measured one aspect of serviceability – patch time to the OS – and AIX on Power was the best at that as well with only 11 minutes average time to install a patch. 54% of IT execs surveyed say they need 99.99% availability or better. With these kind of results it is no wonder that more and more of them are choosing Power systems. Let’s go to next chart and lok at why this is happening. Source: ITIC 2009 Global Server Hardware & Server OS Reliability Survey Results, July 7, 2009

IBM AIX on the Power series leads all vendors for both server hardware and server OS reliability
Ref: ITIC 2009 Global Server Hardware and Server OS Reliability Survey

New Security Capabilities
New feature Benefit to customer Role Based Access Control Tighter security by reducing the number of root users Improved IT efficiency by allowing administrative tasks to be delegated to non-root users Encrypting Filesystem Critical data is safeguarded from loss, even from root Improved IT efficiency though automated key management AIX Security Expert Tightened security by federating security settings across the enterprise Improved IT efficiency by reducing administrative effort of security management Secure by Default Tighter security by requiring all services to be explicitly enabled Reduced administrative effort when used with AIX Security Expert Trusted Execution Stronger resistance to hacks and penetrations by validated execution Trusted AIX and Planned CAPP/RBACPP/LSPP/EAL4+ Certifications Highest level of compartmentalized security for demanding workloads

New Continuous Availability Capabilities
New feature Benefit to customer POWER6™ Storage Keys Improved availability by reducing system and application outage caused by storage overlays Reduced time to repair by eliminating a whole class of intermittent problem Concurrent AIX updates Eliminate some planned system outages because some kernel fixes to be installed without rebooting Potentially improved security by enabling administrators to put on some critical security fixes without waiting for an outage window Live Application Mobility & Live Partition Mobility Greater application availability though moving applications off of a system that is going to be taken down Greater application availability by allowing workloads to be moved off of overloaded servers with impacting the end user probevue Dynamic Tracing Greater application reliability through improved performance and fault analysis Functional Recovery Routines Improved operating system availability through self healing programming Mainframe inspired availability features Greater reliability though easier problem determination and resolution

New Virtualization Capabilities
New capability How capability addresses client needs Workload Partitions Improved IT efficiency through reduced number of AIX instances than need to be managed Greater flexibility by simplifying consolidation and virtualization Improved manageability by allowing administrators to group all application resources and manage as a whole New workload opportunities though consolidation of hundreds of workloads on a single AIX instance Live Application Mobility & Live Partition Mobility Increased application availability by moving applications to avoid outages Improved IT efficiency though relocation of workloads to lower used server Increased energy efficiency by consolidating workloads on fewer servers at night Greater application performance by allowing workloads to be moved to less loaded servers Workload Partitions Manager Increased administrative efficiency by federating management of workload partitions across the IT landscape Improved IT efficiency though automated relocation of WPARs Greater availability through built-in monitoring of WPARs Also available as a component of AIX Enterprise Edition

New Manageability Capabilities
New capability How capability addresses client needs IBM Systems Director Console for AIX IBM Systems Director AIX Enterprise Edition AIX Management Edition Improved manageability by allowing administrators manage AIX via a secure web interface Integrates with Director 6.1 to provide seamless access between Director and AIX contexts Automated Page Size Management for POWER6 Improved performance management through AIX self tuning page size on POWER6 systems Workload Partitions Live Application Mobility Live Partition Mobility Workload Partitions Manager Role Based Access Control AIX Security Expert Trusted Execution Concurrent AIX Updates probevue dynamic tracing All of these features provide improved manageability by reducing the effort of managing AIX, improving administrator efficiency and reducing problem determination and resolution

Security

AIX V6.1 Role Based Access Control (RBAC)
What is it? How it can help? A new capability of AIX V6.1 that allows privileged administration tasks to be delegated to non-privileged users Access to system resources are associated with roles that are assigned to non-privileged users Many roles are predefined which can reduce the effort of implementing RBAC Roles can also be associated with programs Can reduce the cost and complexity of security administration by allowing secure delegation of administrative tasks to non-privileged users Enables a more secure IT infrastructure by reducing the need for so many privileged administrators Assigning roles to programs can reduce the need for security exposures such as the use of setuid for programs Allows for new ways to delegate administration duties between system administrators and non-administrative users Role Based Access Control(RBAC)is designed to improve security and manageability by allowing administrators to delegate system administrative duties to non-root users. RBAC in AIX has been enhanced to provide very fine granular authorizations, which by name identify the privileged operation that they control. These authorizations can be used to create the required roles necessary and assign those roles to the users required to manage the system. Such non root users will be able to assume the role and perform the allowed privileged operations. device fs network proc ras security system wpar boot config install stat Create “create boot image” Halt “halt the system” Info “display boot information Reboot “reboot the system” Shutdown “shutdown the system” aix auth = aix.system.boot.create

AIX V6.1 Encrypting Filesystem
What is it? How it can help? The capability to automatically encrypt data in a JFS2 filesystem Data can be protected from access by privileged users Backup in encrypted or clear formats Automated key management - key store open on login, integrated into AIX security authentication Each file encrypted with a unique key No keys stored in clear in kernel memory A variety of AES, and RSA cryptography keys supported Enables improved security by reducing unauthorized access to data, even by privileged users Secure backups reduces the exposure of data compromised when backup media is taken outside of secure facilities Automatic management of protection keys can reduce the administrative effort of using encrypted data Provides the capability for additional security for applications that may have security design exposures The IBM Journaled Filesystem Extended (JFS2) provides for even greater data security with the addition of a new capability to encrypt the data in a filesystem. Clients can select from a number of different encryption algorithms. The encrypted data can be backed up in encrypted format, reducing the risk of data being compromised if backup media is lost or stolen. The JFS2 encrypting filesystem can also prevent the compromise of data even to root-level users.

AIX & Power Systems Security Certifications
AIX CAPP/EAL4+ Application: 01/11/05 Final report: 10/26/05 Certificate: 12/14/05 AIX 5L and Pitbull LSPP/EAL4+ Application :01/11/05 Certificate issued: 05/16/06 AIX ) CAPP/RBACPP/LSPP/EAL4+ MLS capabilities integrated into standard AIX product One certification for 3 Protection Profiles Supports P6, P5, P4 Certificate issued: May 2008 AIX LSPP/EAL4+ Pitbull product Supports P5, P4 Certificate issued: 12/19/06 Pitbull MLS Ported to AIX Pitbull product available to customers Dec 31, 05 Certification History AIX 4.2 C2: Apr 24, 1997 AIX 4.3 C2: May 6, 19987 AIX 5.2 CAPP/EAL4+ : Nov 4, 2002 POWER4 HW CAPP/EAL4+ : Apr 2003 AIX 5.2 ML1 CAPP/EAL4+ : Sept 8, 2003 AIX 5.2 ML6 CAPP/EAL4+ : Dec 14, 2005 AIX 5.2 ML5 and Pitbull LSPP: May 16, 2006 AIX 5.3 TL5 and Pitbull LSPP: May 16, 2006 AIX 5.2 TL4 & VIOS CAPP/EAL4+: Dec 16, 2006 POWER6: Dec, 2007 AIX 6: May, 2008 AIX CAPP/EAL4+ Supports P5, P4 Certificate issued: 12/19/06 POWER6 Hardware EAL4+ Dynamic LPAR with MicroPartitioning VIOS EAL4+ Included with AIX CAPP/EAL4+ Legend AIX V5.2 AIX V5.3 AIX V6.1 VIOS POWER6

AIX V6.1 Security Expert What is it? How it can help?
A centralized security management tool that can control over 300 security settings from a single console Administrators can start from a “Low”, “Medium”, “High” or “Sarbanes-Oxley” security template and customize settings to met business requirements Security settings can be exported and imported as a security profile to multiple systems On AIX V6.1, security profiles can be stored in an LDAP directory for ease of distribution AIX Security Expert was first included in AIX V5.3 TL5 Can reduce the cost and complexity of security administration by allowing federated management of security profiles across multiple servers Enables a more secure IT infrastructure by reducing the effort of maintaining system security “Check” functionality can provide additional security by validating that the security profile for each system matches the actual security settings Allows for new ways to efficiently manage security across multiple AIX systems The AIX Security Expert was introduced with Technology Level 5 update to the AIX V5.3 OS and provides clients with the capability to manage more than 300 system security settings from a single interface and the ability to export and import those security settings between systems. AIX 6 includes an enhancement to the Security Ex- pert to store security templates in a Lightweight Directory Protocol (LDAP) directory for use across a client's enterprise.

Compliance Challenges
Companies face increased pressure to achieve and maintain compliance – all with limited resources, time and budget. Analysts have estimated that North American companies are spending: $29.9B on regulatory compliance $8.8B on technology solutions Businesses are looking for compliance automation solutions that provide: Configuration in large scale enterprises Single solution for consolidating and automating multiple compliance regulations and standards. Audit reporting to satisfy disparate compliance organizations Technology solutions provide automation to enable efficiency and improve IT governance Payment Card Industry Data security standards and profiles DOD Security implementation Profiles 43% of CFOs think that improving governance, controls and risk management is their top challenge. Slide objective: IBM understands the market challenges of security and compliance that our customers are under. The key pressures boil down to these 3 areas: Increasing requirements: Volumes of regulations! They are everywhere! And come about through Governmental pressures like Hippa and SOX or in Europe with similar financial regulations. Compliance can also be an internal pressure with internal regulations requiring systems compliance and process compliance. Complexity: is growing exponentially and today’s more complex applications and moves toward service oriented architecture take operations management to new levels of complexity. You want the same language (W7). Cost pressures continue to mount. Do more with less yet in the face of the growing complexity, requirements for change, and need for compliance operations labor budgets have had to grow at the expense of development budgets. Getting cost under control is paramount to moving forward. 64% of CIOs feel that the most significant challenges facing IT organizations are security, compliance and data protection CFO Survey: Current state & future direction, IBM Business Consulting Services IBM Service Management Market Needs Study, March 2006 17 17

IBM Compliance Expert Express Edition
IBM Compliance Expert Express Edition is designed to simplify IT compliance Features: Easily set dozens of AIX security configuration settings to match compliance standards Includes profiles with recommended system settings for: The Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 2 The US Department of Defense Security Technical Implementation Guide for UNIX Simple command line interface minimizes training and administrative workload Reports that show whether the system configuration matches the compliance standard Support for AIX 6 and AIX V5.3 on current Technology Levels Potential Benefits: Designed to simplify the effort of maintaining system configuration for compliance Preconfigured profiles facilitate standardization and easy implementation and potentially reduce the amount of administrative effort to interpret standards Compliance reports may be used to provide a basis for audit activity The IBM Compliance Expert Express Edition supplies a few key features. First, it allows the administrator to set all relevant AIX configuration settings to met the recommendations for either of the standards supported Second, it provides those settings in a preconfigured profile, which can save administrators the time to do extensive interpretation of the standard and translate the standard into individual system settings Finally, it allows the administrator to compare the current system settings against the profile to validate that the system configuration meets the standard. This comparison/validation can provide the documentation basis for audits. Note: Almost all compliance standards include procedural elements that are outside the scope of system configuration settings. The IBM Compliance Expert Express Edition can potentially simplify compliance efforts, but it cannot, by itself, enforce compliance.

IBM Compliance Expert Express Edition Simplifies IT compliance with industry security standards
New Automatically sets many AIX security settings to match common compliance standards Includes profiles with recommended system settings for: The Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 2 The US Department of Defense Security Technical Implementation Guide for UNIX Simple command line interface minimizes training and administrative workload Reports show whether the system configuration matches the compliance standard Support for AIX 6 and AIX V5.3 on current Technology Levels Lowers cost of system administration for compliance standards Facilitates standardization with minimal training Manages risk with easy-to-use reports as a base for compliance audits

Other Security Features
Secure by Default - Secure by Default takes a bottom-up approach in hardening an AIX system by installing a minimal set of software, This approach is opposite to starting with a regular, full-blown AIX installation and then use the AIX Security Expert to apply hardening (top-down approach) by disabling unneeded components. Trusted AIX - Enables Multi Level Security (MLS) capabilities in AIX. As compared to regular AIX, Trusted AIX label-based security implements labels for all subjects and objects in the system. The Trusted Execution environment - Enhances the AIX security environment. It is a collection of features used to verify the integrity of the system and implement advance security policies, which together can be used to enhance the trust level of the complete system with Trusted Signature Database (TSD). Trusted Execution - Provides a new command to verify the integrity of the system. The trustchk command used for integrity checking: System integrity check and Runtime integrity check.

Other Security Features
Password length and encryption algorithms - Loadable Password Algorithm (LPA). It also removes the eight character password limitation. Discretionary access control - DAC are the security aspects that are under the control of the file or directory owner. FPM – File Permission Manager manages the permissions on commands and daemons owned by privileged users with setuid or setgid permissions.

Reliability Availability Serviceability

AIX V6.1 POWER6 Storage Keys
Exploitation of a POWER6 processor hardware feature to provide additional isolation of kernel and application data Storage keys can prevent invalid changes to memory cause by programming errors Application use of POWER6 storage keys is enabled in AIX V5.3 AIX kernel exploitation of POWER6 storage keys is included in AIX V6.1 Can provide for higher AIX availability by reducing the number of unplanned outages due to intermittent memory overlay All statements regarding IBM's future direction and intent are subject to change or withdrawal without notice, and represent goals and objectives only.

AIX 6.1 Concurrent Maintenance
vmmove() vmmove() sleepx() getgidx() Kernel Space User Space emgr Concurrent update vmmove() patch Interim Fix Concurrent AIX kernel update Concurrent AIX updates provides a new capability to deliver some kernel updates as Interim Fixes that will not require a system reboot to put into effect. This can reduce the number of unplanned outages required to maintain a secure, reliable system. Note that it will be theoretically possible to use concurrent maintenance fix for about 80% of single module kernel updates. Concurrent updates will be packaged as interim fixes that will be provided on an individual client base by IBM support. Even with these restrictions, AIX will be the first UNIX system that can have the kernel patched while it is actually running a production workload – an important step in providing near continuous availability Fix selected AIX kernel problems without a service outage Non-disruptive fixes to executable code in a running AIX kernel Base AIX Kernel (/unix), kernel extension, or device driver No downtime (reboot) required to apply fix and make it active Concurrent updates will be packaged as Interim Fixes Maintenance can be backed off without an outage

AIX V6.1 POWER6 Automatic Variable Page Size
What is it? How it can help? AIX V6.1 exploitation of a POWER6 feature that supports variable page size AIX will automatically select optimal page size to provide better performance Kernel will choose between 4K and 64K pages, including a mix within a memory region Supports process data, heap, stack, shared memory, anonymous mmap() memory Enabled by default with administrative controls to turn off or change aggressiveness to “upsize” Can improve overall system performance which could improve the amount of work done per Watt of energy Automated page size tuning can reduce the amount of effort and cost associated with managing a key aspect of performance tuning Since this feature is turned “on” by default, it improves your ability to get the most out of your systems based on POWER6 processors This “self tuning” aspect of AIX V6.1 can improve performance while reducing administrative workload With Automatic Variable Page size support, AIX will automatically select optimal page sizes that will result in better performance for some applications. All of this is done transparently to the applications and does not require any application changes or recompilation. AIX will choose optimal page sizes for an applications data, heap, stack, shared memory, and anonymous mmap() memory dynamically based on reference and use patterns. POWER6 systems are required for this feature, as AIX exploits a new capability of the POWER6 processor to dynamically promote, demote, and mix 4 KB and 64 KB page sizes within the same memory region. This feature is active by default and includes system administrator controls to disable or to tell AIX to be even more aggressive with this new page promotion feature.

Cluster Aware Performance Utilities
Benefits Group resource utilization Monitor multiple partitions in a single screen Features AIX topas utility is made cluster aware. Cluster aggregated utilization along with individual partition statistics are displayed Recognizes PowerHA clusters automatically User-defined group of hosts can be monitored as a cluster Similar look & feel of CEC Monitor Panel AIX topasrec utility is made cluster aware Records Utilization aggregated at Cluster Level along with individual partitions utilization AIX topasout utility is used to process the cluster recording file & generate reports Reports that can be post processed by nmon analyzer

AIX Runtime Expert: Single XML Profile
Providing simplified discovery, application, update, and verification of O/S runtime properties across one or more systems Old Way New Way Environment Variables Single XML Profile Control 1 Config file x contents Env var XYZ=“Yes” AIX security profile T . tuneable N Boot LV Settings OS Configuration and Tuning Soup CLI Utilities Configuration Files Set “One Button” Tasks Act on Multiple Systems Apply and maintain approaches Extract Scripts, ftp, rsh, ssh, documentation, 3rd party tools, mksysb, etc. Compare System System A System N System B

AIX Runtime Expert (included with AIX 6.1 TL4)
New Enables the administrator to set, most AIX tuning and configuration settings with confirmation profile Existing systems can be used as a model to create the profile Current system settings can be compared to a profile to detect unauthorized changes Extensible architecture with a programmable core engine to enable system administrator customization Planned to be integrated with Systems Director in 2010 Control 1 Config file x contents Env var XYZ=“Yes” AIX security profile T . tuneable N Single XML Profile Set Extract Compare “One Button” Tasks

AIX Runtime Expert - Architecture
Extensible architecture with a programmable core engine Base Command Line Utilities artexget – extract runtime attributes from a running system based on a provided configuration profile artexset – set values on a system from a profile to take effect immediately or after system restart artexdiff – compare values between a running system and a profile, or compare between two profiles artexmerge – combine the contents of two or more profiles into a single profile artexlist – list configuration profiles that exist on a system Core Engine Configuration Profiles Set Get Running O/S Instance XML files Based on Control Catalogs Supplies values Template to get (extract) values Can reside in LDAP or locally Diff Merge Control Catalogs XML files Programming Modules for the Core Engine Specifies parameter-value rules, processing sequences, environment variable details, file content management, etc.

AIX Runtime Expert – Configuration Elements
acctctl dumpctrl nis namerslv tsd alog errdaemon probevue nfs trustchk authzcfg ewlm tcp_nw shconf vmo authent ffdc udp_nw schedo aix.secexpert chcons filter ip_nw privcmd mkuser.defuser Chdev.sys0 ioo arp_nw privdev chuser chlicense krecovery stream privfile login chservices lvmo raso smtctl chsubserver chsys nfso role syscorepath gen.param class mktcpip ruser traces etc.env sysdumpdev file.data trcctl restricted misc.other probeview

Memory Pagesize tuning
Options in vmo command vmm_default_pspa -1: no page support or no hardware support 0-100: Percent of pages unreferenced before promotion occurs Defaults: -1: for Power5 and before servers 0: for Power5+ and above servers vmm_mpsize_support 0: AIX recognizes only 4K & 16MB pages 1: AIX use pagesizes supported by processor 2 (default): AIX use multiple page size per segment pagesize –af: Display all supported virtual memory page sizes As stated earlier, AIX 6 will be binary compatible with applications created on AIX 5L and will run on Power4 and later systems. To smooth the transition to AIX 6 we have a number of activities planned - First, we are previewing this release with our clients months before it becomes generally available - Second, we have an Open Beta planned for later this year that will allow virtually any client to download and test AIX 6 - Third, we have extensive activities underway with our ISVs to insure that they understand the AIX 6 is binary compatible and to help them exploit some of the new features of AIX 6 - We also have a number of other activities, both for clients and ISVs to introduce this new version of AIX We believe that these activities will increase the adoption of AIX 6 by our clients and ISVs As you can see from the slide, clients with a software maintenance agreement will be able to upgrade to AIX 6 at no added charge when it becomes generally available. Finally, the upgrade process for AIX6 will be exactly the same as if it were named AIX 5.4 – existing tools such as alt disk install can be used to perform a straightforward upgrade to AIX6 with a minimum of disruption and risk.

Performance tuning Changes
KERNEL/PROCESS/TUNING 5.1 5.2 5.3 6.1 Max Threads/process 32,767 32,768 Limit max Threads/process and max processes/user (chuser and ulimit commands) N Y AIXTHREAD_SCOPE – Note 45 P S AIXTHREAD_MNRATIO– Note 45 8:1 1:1 ksh ksh93/ ksh88 Max. no. of devices – Note 32 5K 25K Memory/Storage Keys Application Y-P6 Memory/Storage Keys Kernel Restricted tuneables – Note 34 Out of the box Perf Tuning VMM, AIO and Oracle – Note36 Solution Performance Tuning – Note 36 I/O Pacing tuning level System Filesystem I/O pacing enabled by default aio_minservers 1 3/core aio_maxservers 10 10/core 30/core aio_maxrequests 4096 65536 aio_fastpath & aio_fsfastpath 0/0 1/1 minpout/maxpout 4096/8192 minperm/maxperm/maxclient 20/80/80 03/90/90 lru_file_repage page_steal_method Memory Affinity (To disable vmo -o memory_affinity=0) nmon integration into topas VIOS monitoring in topas As stated earlier, AIX 6 will be binary compatible with applications created on AIX 5L and will run on Power4 and later systems. To smooth the transition to AIX 6 we have a number of activities planned - First, we are previewing this release with our clients months before it becomes generally available - Second, we have an Open Beta planned for later this year that will allow virtually any client to download and test AIX 6 - Third, we have extensive activities underway with our ISVs to insure that they understand the AIX 6 is binary compatible and to help them exploit some of the new features of AIX 6 - We also have a number of other activities, both for clients and ISVs to introduce this new version of AIX We believe that these activities will increase the adoption of AIX 6 by our clients and ISVs As you can see from the slide, clients with a software maintenance agreement will be able to upgrade to AIX 6 at no added charge when it becomes generally available. Finally, the upgrade process for AIX6 will be exactly the same as if it were named AIX 5.4 – existing tools such as alt disk install can be used to perform a straightforward upgrade to AIX6 with a minimum of disruption and risk. REFERENCE: Section 6.3 / AIX 6.1 Differences Redbook, SG

Increased Argument Size
AIX 5.3 was capped at 24KB AIX 6.1 supports 24KB to 4MB ARG_MAX increased from 256K 1024K in limits.h To change view with “lsattr –El sys0 –a ncargs” change with “chdev –El sys0 –a ncargs=n where n is number of 4K blocks chdev –El sys0 –a ncargs=256 # results in 1MB size (256 * 4K) As stated earlier, AIX 6 will be binary compatible with applications created on AIX 5L and will run on Power4 and later systems. To smooth the transition to AIX 6 we have a number of activities planned - First, we are previewing this release with our clients months before it becomes generally available - Second, we have an Open Beta planned for later this year that will allow virtually any client to download and test AIX 6 - Third, we have extensive activities underway with our ISVs to insure that they understand the AIX 6 is binary compatible and to help them exploit some of the new features of AIX 6 - We also have a number of other activities, both for clients and ISVs to introduce this new version of AIX We believe that these activities will increase the adoption of AIX 6 by our clients and ISVs As you can see from the slide, clients with a software maintenance agreement will be able to upgrade to AIX 6 at no added charge when it becomes generally available. Finally, the upgrade process for AIX6 will be exactly the same as if it were named AIX 5.4 – existing tools such as alt disk install can be used to perform a straightforward upgrade to AIX6 with a minimum of disruption and risk. REFERENCE: Section 5.3 / AIX 6.1 Differences Redbook, SG

Network Changes IGMPv3 implementation adheres to RFC 3376 and includes the new Socket Interface Extensions for Multicast Source Filters. IGMPv3 implementation allows backward compatibility with the previous two versions of the protocol, IGMP version 1 (IGMPv1) and IGMP version 2 (IGMPv2) IGMPv3 protocol supports two distinct multicast modes: Any-source multicast (exclude) and Source-specific multicast (include) mode. NDAF (Network Data Administration Facility) enhancements A secure version of ftp (and ftpd), based on OpenSSL, using Transport Layer Security 1(TLS) to encrypt both the command and the data channel. NFS Proxy serving enhancements NFS backwards support – NFSv3 exports for back-end NFSv4 exports New network caching daemon (netcd) to improve performance for resolver lookups. Netcd can cache user and group information provided by a NIS server. IPv6 RFC compliances - compliant with RFC 4007 and RFC 4443 As stated earlier, AIX 6 will be binary compatible with applications created on AIX 5L and will run on Power4 and later systems. To smooth the transition to AIX 6 we have a number of activities planned - First, we are previewing this release with our clients months before it becomes generally available - Second, we have an Open Beta planned for later this year that will allow virtually any client to download and test AIX 6 - Third, we have extensive activities underway with our ISVs to insure that they understand the AIX 6 is binary compatible and to help them exploit some of the new features of AIX 6 - We also have a number of other activities, both for clients and ISVs to introduce this new version of AIX We believe that these activities will increase the adoption of AIX 6 by our clients and ISVs As you can see from the slide, clients with a software maintenance agreement will be able to upgrade to AIX 6 at no added charge when it becomes generally available. Finally, the upgrade process for AIX6 will be exactly the same as if it were named AIX 5.4 – existing tools such as alt disk install can be used to perform a straightforward upgrade to AIX6 with a minimum of disruption and risk.

Others - Support for USB Drives
AIX 6.1 TL2 supports USB Drives (Flash/Thumb Drives) Requires filesets devices.common.IBM.usb devices.usbif Configuration “cfgmgr –l usb0” gets two devices: /dev/flashdrive0 & rflashdrive0 Use archive commands - tar, backup/restore, cpio or dd Use ISO filesystem “mount -rv cdrfs /dev/flashdrive0 /mnt” ISO file system (created by mkisofs) is written to flashdrive with dd command: “dd if=myimage.iso of=/dev/flashdrive0” As stated earlier, AIX 6 will be binary compatible with applications created on AIX 5L and will run on Power4 and later systems. To smooth the transition to AIX 6 we have a number of activities planned - First, we are previewing this release with our clients months before it becomes generally available - Second, we have an Open Beta planned for later this year that will allow virtually any client to download and test AIX 6 - Third, we have extensive activities underway with our ISVs to insure that they understand the AIX 6 is binary compatible and to help them exploit some of the new features of AIX 6 - We also have a number of other activities, both for clients and ISVs to introduce this new version of AIX We believe that these activities will increase the adoption of AIX 6 by our clients and ISVs As you can see from the slide, clients with a software maintenance agreement will be able to upgrade to AIX 6 at no added charge when it becomes generally available. Finally, the upgrade process for AIX6 will be exactly the same as if it were named AIX 5.4 – existing tools such as alt disk install can be used to perform a straightforward upgrade to AIX6 with a minimum of disruption and risk.

Virtualization Features

PowerVM Virtualization Architecture
Management and Provisioning Virtual I/O Server AIX V6 partitions AIX V5.3 partitions Linux IBM i Unassigned on demand resources AIX / WPARS Kernels AIX Kernels Linux Kernels VEnet VSCSI IVM** SLIC Hardware Management Console* (HMC) Virtual Network / Storage Virtual Networks Hypervisor Virtual Processors Virtual Storage Service Processor Processors Memory Expansion slots Local devices and storage Networks and network storage *Integrated Virtualization Manager (IVM) is disabled if HMC attached

Power Systems Virtualization with PowerVM
Shared Pool Dynamically Resizable Linux Ethernet Sharing Storage Int Virt Manager Virtual I/O Server Partition 6 Cores Linux 3 Cores AIX V5.3 3 Cores 1 Cores Linux 2 Cores 2 Cores 5 Cores Micro-Partitioning Feature Share processors across multiple partitions Minimum partition 1/10th core 254 partition maximum AIX V5.3/6.1, Linux, & IBM i Managed via HMC or IVM Linux AIX V6.1 IBM i AIX V5.3 Micro-partitioning AIX V6.1 IBM i AIX V6.1 Linux Network Virtual I/O paths Virtual I/O server Shared Ethernet Shared SCSI & Fibre Channel attached disk subsystems Virtual LAN POWER Hypervisor Web Browser IVM

AIX 6 Workload Partitions (WPARs)
S/W Partitioned system capacity Each WPAR gets a regulated share of the processor and memory resources Each WPAR has separate network and filesystems and many system services Separate Administrative control Each partition is a separate administrative and security domain Shared system resources I/O Devices Processor & Memory Operating system Shared Library and Text WPAR Types: System and Application System has own copy of /, /tmp, /var, /home Application uses Global filesystems Benefits Separate regions of application space within a single AIX image Improved administrative efficiency Reduced no. of OS images to administer and maintain System commands are WPAR enabled Workload Partition dB Workload Partition ERP Workload Partition App Workload Partition Web Workload Partition Test AIX Global Instance AIX 6

WPAR Shared Applications Enables Administrative Efficiency
Application installed in Global instance and used by multiple WPARs Global FS Global filesystems / /etc /usr application code /opt application code (or here) /var /tmp /appserver application code (or here) AIX global Instance / /etc /usr /opt /var /tmp /appsvr Workload Partition App Server #1 Workload Partition Billing WPAR FS App Server 1 / /etc /var /tmp /config System WPAR filesystems / r/w - unique per WPAR /etc r/w - unique per WPAR /usr r/o from global (typically) /opt r/o from global (typically) /var r/w - unique per WPAR /tmp r/w - unique per WPAR /appserver r/o from global /config r/w uniq per WPAR (example) Workload Partition App Server #2 Workload Partition BI WPAR FS App Server 1 Workload Partition Web Server / /etc /var /tmp /config NFS

AIX Workload Partitions Can Be Used in LPARs
Dedicated Processor LPAR Finance Dedicated Processor LPAR Planning LPAR LPAR Americas LPAR Asia LPAR EMEA WPAR #1 MFG WPAR #1 WPAR #1 Business Intelligence VIO Server WPAR #2 Test WPAR #2 Planning WPAR #3 Billing Micro-partition Processor Pool POWER Hypervisor™

Flexible PowerVM & AIX Options
Dedicated LPARs - Application Mobility Micro-Partitions - Partition Mobility WPARs Workload Manager LPAR / Micropartitions AIX V5.3 on POWER5 or later Workload Partitions AIX 6 on POWER4 or later Live Partition Mobility Resource Flexibility & Ease of Administration AIX Workload Manager AIXV on POWER3 or later Live Application Mobility Workload Isolation

Live Application Mobility….
Dedicated Processor LPAR Finance Dedicated Processor LPAR Planning Micro-Partition Processor Pool Micro-Partition Processor Pool Micro-Partition Processor Pool LPAR LPAR 1 LPAR 2 LPAR 3 LPAR 1 LPAR 2 LPAR 3 VIO Server Power Hypervisor Power Hypervisor Move live Workload Partitions between physical systems ( Common Hardware ) Workloads move, not the whole partition Partition OS images must be the same ( Service Level )……

AIX 6 Live Application Mobility
NFS AIX # 1 AIX # 2 AIX Global Instance AIX Global Instance Workload Partition ERP Workload Partition Database Workload Partition QA Application Partition Dev Workload Partition Data Mining Workload Partition Billing Workload Partition Web Workload Partition Manager Policy Move a running Workload Partition from one server to another for outage avoidance and multi-system workload balancing Works on any hardware supported by AIX 6, including POWER5 and POWER4

Workload Partitions Manager
Management of WPARS across multiple systems Lifecycle operations Single Console for: Graphical Interface Create & Remove Start & stop Checkpoint & Restart Monitoring & Reporting Manual Relocation Automated Relocation Policy driven change Infrastructure Optimization Load Balancing Browser Workload Partition Manager Web Service Global Level Global Level Global Level WPAR Agent WPAR Agent WPAR Agent System/Application WPARs System/Application WPARs System/Application WPARs

PowerVM Live Partition Mobility with POWER6
Allows migration of a running LPAR to another physical server with no application downtime Reduce impact of planned outages Relocate workloads to enable growth Provision new technology with no disruption to service Movement to a different server with no loss of service Virtualized SAN and Network Infrastructure

Partition Mobility: Active and Inactive LPARs
Active Partition Mobility Active Partition Migration is the actual movement of a running LPAR from one physical machine to another without disrupting* the operation of the OS and applications running in that LPAR. Applicability Workload consolidation (e.g. many to one) Workload balancing (e.g. move to larger system) Planned CEC outages for maintenance/upgrades Impending CEC outages (e.g. hardware warning received) Inactive Partition Mobility Inactive Partition Migration transfers a partition that is logically ‘powered off’ (not running) from one system to another. Partition Mobility supported on POWER6™ AIX 5.3, AIX 6.1 and Linux

Mobility on Power Systems
Live Partition Mobility PowerVM Live Partition Mobility Move an entire Logical Partition from one system to another while it is running with almost no impact to end users Moves the entire LPAR including the operating system Requires systems based on the Power6 processor, PowerVM Enterprise, and all I/O must be through the Virtual I/O Server Works with partitions running AIX V5.3, AIX 6 and Linux Movement of the OS and applications to a different server with no loss of service Virtualized SAN and Network Infrastructure Potential Benefits Improved application availability Energy saving Better workload management Live Application Mobility AIX Live Application Mobility Move a Workload Partition from one AIX system to another AIX system while running with almost no impact to end users Moves only the WPAR, the AIX operating system is not moved Requires AIX 6, PowerVM Workload Partitions Manager, and all WPAR filesystems must be NFS Works on systems based on Power4, Power5, and Power6 processors

Active Memory Sharing Pools of memory that can be shared by partitions
Similar to shared processor partitions Pool of processor resources OS Support AIX 6.1, IBM i and Linux Features Allows for the dynamic sharing of memory Provides the ability to “Over-Commit” physical memory Overflow of memory request paged to system disk. Fine-grained sharing of physical memory Automated ballooning (expansion and contraction) of a partition’s physical memory footprint based on workload demands. Sharing of common code pages between partitions Reduces the memory and cache footprints Partitions with the same OS and application code.

Active Memory Sharing Overview
Active Memory Sharing intelligently flows memory from one partition to another for increased utilization and flexibility of memory usage Memory virtualization enhancement for Power Systems Memory dynamically allocated based on partition’s workload demands Contents of memory written to a paging device Improves memory utilization Designed for partitions with “Variable Memory” requirements Low average memory requirements Active / Inactive environments Workloads that peak at different times across partitions Available with PowerVM Enterprise Edition AIX 6.1, Linux, and IBM i 6.1 partitions that use VIOS and shared processors POWER6 processor-based systems All statements regarding IBM's future direction and intent are subject to change or withdrawal without notice, and represent goals and objectives only.

Dedicated vs Active Shared Memory Environment
Dedicated Memory Active Shared Memory Time Time

Active Memory Sharing Requirements
Hardware assist available in POWER6, POWER7, etc. Redirects Data Storage Interrupts (DSI) & Instruction Storage Interrupts (ISI) to the Hypervisor Allows the Hypervisor to relocate a partition’s physical memory pages with finer granularity than a Logical Memory Block (LMB) Active Memory Sharing is enabled on a partition by partition basis Partitions must be defined in Shared Processor Pool Partitions must have all virtual resources, no real I/O No support for pages >16MB Supported Operations Systems: IBM i V6R1 PTF AIX 6.1 TL3 Linux SLES 11 and RHEL 6.0 PowerVM Enterprise Offering VIOS 2.1.1 HMC Firmware 7.342 FW release eFW3.4.2 Disruptive update from previous FW release

System Management

AIX V6.1 Systems Director Console for AIX
What is it? How it can help? A new Web based management tool that provides easy access to common system administration tasks Administrators can access Systems Management Interface Tool (SMIT) menus from a browser Graphical user interface is fast and fully integrated with IBM Systems Director All necessary components for the Console are included in AIX The Distributed Command Execution Manager (DCEM) feature of the Console allows an administrative task to run on multiple systems at once Can reduce the amount of effort and cost associated with managing the AIX OS Web access to administrative tasks can simplify systems management Consistent user interface with IBM Systems Director and the WPAR Manager can reduce retraining and other administrative costs The combination of Web access to administration tools and the ability to execute administrative tasks on multiple systems can change the way you manage the AIX OS AIX V6.1 provide a new graphical systems console, the IBM Systems Director Console for AIX. The Systems Director Con- sole for AIX provides a responsive Web access to common systems management tools such as the Systems Management Interface Tool (SMIT) and offers integration into the IBM Systems Director. The Systems Director Console for AIX is included with AIX V6.1. The IBM Systems Director Con- sole for AIX is built on a lightweight infrastructure and provides an easy-to-use interface for the Web-enabled administration of AIX management tasks. The console provides a single user interface for system management and administration operations and can be accessed from any supported Web browser. IBM Systems Director Console for AIX gives the user a powerful interface to manage AIX servers and software and provides a graphical Web-based interface to enable the user to manage remote systems and resources. The IBM Systems Director Console includes these features: o AIX V6.1 provides browser-based access to the popular System Management Interface Tool (SMIT). Users can access AIX operating system management functions in a Web browser. o Distributed Command Execution Manager provides the capability to securely execute systems management commands on multiple systems. AIX V6.1 includes all the infrastructure needed for the IBM Systems Director Console for AIX. The Console is not a prerequisite for IBM Systems Director, but it is designed to have a similar management interface and shares a common technology base.

Systems Director Console for AIX (pconsole)
Systems management via a Browser It is SMIT in a Browser Works with IE 6.0+ or Firefox Installed and configured by default sysmgt.pconsole.rte filesets To launch use the URL below or As stated earlier, AIX 6 will be binary compatible with applications created on AIX 5L and will run on Power4 and later systems. To smooth the transition to AIX 6 we have a number of activities planned - First, we are previewing this release with our clients months before it becomes generally available - Second, we have an Open Beta planned for later this year that will allow virtually any client to download and test AIX 6 - Third, we have extensive activities underway with our ISVs to insure that they understand the AIX 6 is binary compatible and to help them exploit some of the new features of AIX 6 - We also have a number of other activities, both for clients and ISVs to introduce this new version of AIX We believe that these activities will increase the adoption of AIX 6 by our clients and ISVs As you can see from the slide, clients with a software maintenance agreement will be able to upgrade to AIX 6 at no added charge when it becomes generally available. Finally, the upgrade process for AIX6 will be exactly the same as if it were named AIX 5.4 – existing tools such as alt disk install can be used to perform a straightforward upgrade to AIX6 with a minimum of disruption and risk. REFERENCE: Section 5.7 / AIX 6.1 Differences Redbook, SG

Smooth Upgrade to AIX 6 No charge upgrade for current AIX 5L clients with SWMA No additional out of pocket expense for clients Upgrade process Tools like alt disk installation and NIM minimize client risk Migration installation from AIX V4 & AIX V5 supported New GUI installation tool, when AIX Installation DVD media is used for booting As stated earlier, AIX 6 will be binary compatible with applications created on AIX 5L and will run on Power4 and later systems. To smooth the transition to AIX 6 we have a number of activities planned - First, we are previewing this release with our clients months before it becomes generally available - Second, we have an Open Beta planned for later this year that will allow virtually any client to download and test AIX 6 - Third, we have extensive activities underway with our ISVs to insure that they understand the AIX 6 is binary compatible and to help them exploit some of the new features of AIX 6 - We also have a number of other activities, both for clients and ISVs to introduce this new version of AIX We believe that these activities will increase the adoption of AIX 6 by our clients and ISVs As you can see from the slide, clients with a software maintenance agreement will be able to upgrade to AIX 6 at no added charge when it becomes generally available. Finally, the upgrade process for AIX6 will be exactly the same as if it were named AIX 5.4 – existing tools such as alt disk install can be used to perform a straightforward upgrade to AIX6 with a minimum of disruption and risk.

AIX Editions

AIX Editions….. AIX 6.1 Enterprise Edition Tivoli Performance Analyzer
AIX 5.3 Management Edition bundle AIX V5.3 Tivoli® Application Dependency Discovery Manager IBM Tivoli Monitoring IBM Usage & Accounting Mgr Virtualization Edition for Power Systems AIX 6.1 Enterprise Edition AIX V6.1 PowerVM AIX Workload Partitions Manager Tivoli® Application Dependency Discovery Manager IBM Tivoli Monitoring Tivoli Performance Analyzer

AIX Enterprise Edition Key Features
Live Application Mobility Relocate Workload Partitions between systems with almost no client impact Manage WPARs across multiple systems Centralize the creation, replication, and starting of WPARs across multiple systems Automatically discover IT components and their relationships Ideal for managing dynamic virtualized environments Monitor virtualized resources Efficient management begins with comprehensive performance information Predictive monitoring and capacity management Leverage real time monitoring in data warehouse to provide advanced analytics for capacity planning and proactive monitoring Provides a visual representation of the components Assists understanding of complex application dependencies Monitor utilization and configuration changes Useful for problem determination and failure analysis Tivoli Performance Analyzer Extends ITM data to predictive trending to manage performance over time Forecast resource trends to focus monitoring on emerging problems. Leverages the long-term historical and real time data in Tivoli Data Warehouse Collect and report resource usage Understand IT resource consumption by workload or area AIX Enterprise Edition is designed to improve the manageability of a virtualized AIX environment. Potential benefits include: Improved service availability through access to relevant, real time information about IT resources Enhanced operational efficiency though visualization of the relationships of IT resources and applications Improved operational efficiency by centralizing monitoring and automating the response to service issues Improved customer satisfaction by providing accurate information of the IT resources used to support business workloads. Better utilization of IT resources through consolidated views of virtualized resource usage Improved service availability through Live Application Mobility. Simplified ordering of AIX and essential service management tools at an attractive price.

Simplified WPAR Management

AIX Editions Solution Components: Discovery
IBM Tivoli Application Dependency Discovery Manager (TADDM) IBM Tivoli Application Dependency Discovery Manager initiates and assists planning for consolidation by providing best-of-breed discovery capabilities Discovers the COMPONENTS in a Data Center Environment CENTRALIZES and VISUALIZES the CONFIGURATION of the Components in a Data Center Environment Discovers the RELATIONSHIP of the Components in a Data Center Environment DISCOVERS AND TRACKS THE CHANGES in a Data Center Environment Can Feed this Information to other IBM Tivoli® Products

AIX Editions– IBM Tivoli Monitoring
IBM Tivoli Monitoring helps prioritize consolidation decisions by visualizing the actual virtual server utilization against historical trends. It automates a clients best practices in response to system events Improves mean-time-to-recovery by visualizing the virtual world to solve “virtual performance problems” Side-by-side real-time and historical data assists in separating intermittent problems from reoccurring problems from peak workloads Out-of-the-box reporting allows clients to quickly provide executive level reports and identify resource bottlenecks IBM Tivoli Monitoring

Power System Monitoring – Hypervisor View
Global CPU & Memory allocation Total CPU & Memory allocated to LPARs

Power System Monitoring - AIX LPAR View
CPU, Memory, Disk, Network Info per LPAR

Monitoring - VIOS View Network / Disk Mapping / Utilization
Shows how network interfaces are mapped to LPARS

Overall Frame Utilization
Problem: “Total Monitored Memory Used Pct” value is higher than it should be since it was calculated compared to total “monitored” memory rather than total CEC memory. This will be fixed in an APAR.

CEC Event links to IBM Director

Advanced Performance Analytics
What It Does Provide capacity monitoring through the data collected by Tivoli Monitoring Automates Performance analysis and reporting Enables prediction of application bottlenecks and creation of alerts for potential service threats. Use existing ITM agents and data that are stored in the Tivoli Data Warehouse Create new metrics based on combining existing date Predictive trending and forecast reports Pre-configured reports Extensible Scenarios “What will my resources look like tomorrow, next week and next month?” “What IT resources should I worry about?” “Will I have enough capacity to get me through Monday?”

Predictive Trending Predictive trending on key performance indicators
Linear trending model Configurable Simple, open and predictable New Tivoli Monitoring attributes for use in charts and situations Trend strength, trend direction Time to threshold, value in 7 days, 30 days and 90 days Use trend information in situations “I predict I have 2 weeks before I hit 95% Disk Utilization and I am 70% confident and its getting worse” Leverages Tivoli Enterprise Portal Overlays to represent Trends Icons in Tables Out of the box situations: If the LPAR, nw or storage will reach a limit in 7 days with strength of 3 (confidence + # of samples). Limit for attribute collected and time period System_pSeries_LogPart_TTCT_1W System_pSeries_LogPart_TTCT_1W predicts if the monitored logical partition, network or storage will reach a defined critical limit within the next seven days, and the prediction is strong (Strength >= 3) or moderate 2. The limit is set in the analytical task and the period is set in the situation. System_pSeries_LogPart_TTWT_1W System_pSeries_LogPart_TTWT_1W predicts if the monitored logical partition will reach a defined warning limit within the next seven days, and the prediction is moderate (Strength >= 2). The limit is set in the analytical task and the period is set in the situation. System_pSeries_Network_TTCT_1W System_pSeries_Network_TTCT_1W predicts if the monitored networking will reach a defined critical limit within the next seven days, and the prediction is strong (Strength >= 3). The limit is set in the analytical task and the period is set in the situation. System_pSeries_Network_TTWT_1W System_pSeries_Network_TTWT_1W predicts if the monitored networking will reach a defined warning limit within the next seven days, and the prediction is moderate (Strength >= 2). The limit is set in the analytical task and the period is set in the situation. System_pSeries_Storage_TTCT_1W System_pSeries_Storage_TTCT_1W predicts if the monitored storage will reach a defined critical limit within the next seven days, and the prediction is strong (Strength >= 3). The limit is set in the analytical task and the period is set in the situation. System_pSeries_Storage_TTWT_1W System_pSeries_Storage_TTWT_1W predicts if the monitored storage will reach a defined warning limit within the next seven days, and the prediction is moderate (Strength >= 2). The limit is set in the analytical task and the period is set in the situation.

Using Trends in Forecast Reports
Projected values across all resources Sort lists to identify future overloaded or under utilized servers

Usage IBM Usage & Accounting Manager
AIX Editions Solution Component – Virtualization Edition Apportion usage by account, department or organization Accountability and usage tracking ensures optimized usage by each department Easily forecast growth by department to justify year-to-year budget changes Single hardware system metrics and reports Data collectors AIX, Linux® and AIX Advanced Accounting – Processor, server, LPAR, I/O, and VIO OS File System – allocated and used Usability – Power System tailored: Administration Console JobRunner GUI Reporting Business Intelligence Reporting Tool Reports Reports will be provided, with aggregation by userid within a given server “Pre-Defined” Accounting Schema Export to spreadsheet, comma delimited, and CSB

Power System Usage Trend Sample Reports
Example of Resource Usage Trend report over a period of time Available for AIX, AIX Advance Accounting, Linux

IBM Usage and Accounting Manager Know what IT costs (in shared and virtualized environments)
Helps businesses to understand the true costs of their IT Who is consuming which resources? What are the true costs of these resources? How should costs be allocated for ROI or chargeback? Enables businesses to make informed decisions about IT options and acquisitions Facilitates chargeback accounting to bill internal or external customers for their actual resource use Tracks and analyzes resource utilization across the entire enterprise Servers, storage, networks, applications, etc.

AIX Management Offerings Summary
Description OS Support OS included AIX Enterprise Edition AIX 6 plus the WPAR Manager, Tivoli TADDM, Tivoli Monitoring and Tivoli Usage & Accounting Virtualization Edition AIX 6 Yes AIX Standard Edition (AIX) The AIX operating system AIX 6, AIX V5.3, AIX V5.2 Management Edition for AIX Tivoli TADDM, Tivoli Monitoring and Tivoli Usage & Accounting Virtualization Edition AIX 6 and AIX V5.3 No IBM Systems Director Cross system platform management AIX, Linux, i, zOS, Windows Performance Management for Power Systems (PM for Power Systems) Remote performance reporting especially for smaller clients with limited IT teams AIX 6, AIX V5.3 and IBM i PowerVM Workload Partitions Manager for AIX (WPAR Manager) Cross systems management for WPARs and enablement for Live Application Mobility

Operating System Release / Service Strategy

New Service and Release Strategy
The principal changes planned are: Twenty four months of support for each Technology Level Service for entire period is provided by PTF, Interim Fix, and/or Service Pack New hardware within the same family will be supported on previous Technology Levels for ease of migration. Announcement in 2Q06 for AIX V5.3 Technology Level 6 and later releases New hardware support for old TLs is only possible within the same processor and technology family Exploitation of new HW may require the latest TL or even a new release Degree of hardware change On prior TLs plus latest Service Packs On the latest Technology Level Processor Speed Increase Only ( No AIX Code Changes) Yes Supported New Processor in Compatibility Mode ( N0 AIX Code Changes) New Processor in Family ( Recognize New processor ) New IO ( New Device Driver ) New Technology ( Significant / Pervasive ) No

Release Strategy Transition* AIX V5.3 only
2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Spring Fall The new release strategy goes into effect starting with AIX 5.3 TL6 in 1H07*. AIX V5.3 TL4 and TL5 will be supported under the previous strategy. AIX V5.2 will only be supported under the previous strategy. Technology Level 4 CSP SP Technology Level 5 SP CSP HP SP Technology Level 6 HP SP Technology Level 7 Legend: Service Pack – may include new HW Service Pack – AIX fixes only Concluding Service Pack – Last Service Pack Interim Fix Support via Interim Fix, PTF, or Service Pack Support via CSP + Interim Fix New Technology Level - New HW/SW support and hardware exploitation) CSP SP HP HP SP Technology Level 8

Differences From Previous Release Strategy
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 Spring Fall Previous Release Strategy Technology Level 6 CSP SP New Release Strategy Technology Level 6 SP SP SP SP SP SP HP SP HP SP HP SP Difference Previous New* Length of Service for a TL 12 months 24 months Extended service via … CSP + Interim Fix only PTF, Interim fix or Service Pack Concluding Service Pack? Yes, start of extended service No longer used Service Packs include… Only fixes Fixes + new HW support within same Family Service Packs ship every… 4-6 weeks 8-12 weeks AIX releases supported… AIX V5.2 & AIX V5.3 AIX V5.3 and future releases Policy started with . . . AIX V5.2 TL8, AIX V5.3 TL4 AIX V5.3 TL6 Hardware support via… Latest Technology Level only Exploitation via latest TL. Some hardware support available via prior TLs plus a SP Version Release Mod. Fix

New Hardware Supportability*
Degree of hardware change On prior TLs plus latest Service Pack On the latest Technology Level Processor Speed Increase Only (No AIX Code Changes) Yes Supported New Processor in Compatibility Mode New Processor in Family (Recognize New Processor) New I/O (New Device Drivers) New Technology (Significant/pervasive) No Support for Some New Hardware on Previous Technology Levels Throughout the history of AIX, support for new hardware was only included in the latest Technology Level (or Recommended Maintenance Level). This required clients to upgrade to the latest service level if they wished to integrate new systems into their computing environment. This made it difficult to add new hardware into the client’s existing environment. AIX OS support for new hardware is typically broken into two categories: support and exploitation. To support new hardware, the AIX OS has to undergo relatively minor changes to recognize the new hardware at boot time. If the AIX OS does not recognize the new hardware, it may fail to boot or only run in a degraded mode. The changes to support new hardware typically include updating a boot time table to determine the processor type, the creation of new boot media to recognize new I/O, or both. To exploit new hardware, the AIX OS may have to undergo more pervasive changes to take full advantage of the new hardware. This could result in changes to kernel components such as the Virtual Memory Manager (VMM) to exploit the new page sizes supported by a new processor. The AIX OS Release and Service Strategy for 2007 offers IBM the opportunity to provide support for new hardware on previous Technology Levels. Under the 2007 strategy, Service Packs will contain maintenance, that is, fixes for AIX problems and in some cases, enablement for new hardware. The net effect is that clients will, in some cases, be able to use new hardware on previous Technology Levels. As seen in Figure 3, many of the new hardware offerings will be supported on previous Technology Levels. In all cases, the client will be required to install the latest Service Pack for a given Technology Level that includes support for the new hardware. The support for new hardware will typically be limited to types such as speed increases, new processors running in compatibility mode and new I/O devices. Pervasive changes such as the introduction of a new processor family, significant new I/O busses or the introduction of any hardware that requires significant or pervasive changes to the AIX OS will not be supported on previous Technology Levels. Examples of past hardware offerings that could potentially have been supported on previous Technology Levels include the POWER5+ processors and new I/O devices released with the POWER5+ systems. Please note that exploitation of new hardware offerings will often require installing the latest Technology Level or may require the latest AIX OS release. Note: Exploitation of new hardware features will require moving up to the latest TL or in some cases, moving up to the next AIX release *All statements regarding IBM's future direction and intent are subject to change or withdrawal without notice, and represent goals and objectives only.

IBM Systems Director

IT organizations face multiple challenges getting the value of virtualization
Q. What are the major hurdles you faced in implementing virtualized servers at your organization? Virtualization is arguably THE key technology used today for increasing flexibility and speed in service delivery. And while according to this IDC study many IT organizations have had no major problems with implementing virtualized server environments, among those who have had problems “tools and management” stands out as a significant problem. It’s interesting to note how sharply the percentage of respondents who saw tools as a major hurdle to implementing virtualization increased from 2006 to 2007. Source: IDC Virtualization Study, 2007 n=410

End-to-end Management Approach
AIX Management IBM Director Enterprise Management IBM Systems Director Active Energy Manager Physical and virtual platforms Server, Storage, Networking Foundation Extension Groups Deployment Health Virtualization Optimization Configuration Maintain Advanced Monitoring Replication Platform-specific capabilities 3rd Party, Custom System x, i, z, p System Storage™ Other Operating systems Managed environments Virtualization software And more . . . Hardware

IBM Systems Director for Power Topology
Director Console IBM Systems Director Foundation Management Advanced Management Physical and virtual platforms Server, Storage, Networking Inventory Health Config Update Availability Workload Image Energy Mgt AIX AIX SLES RHEL VIOS MM AIX (SMP) IBM i AIX SLES RHEL IBM i IVM (VIOS) WPAR WPAR JS21 AIX SLES RHEL HS21 Win Level set everyone pSeries hardware configuration, management environment and the terminology. WPAR WPAR HMC FSP PHYP PHYP BMC/ FSP PHYP FSP POWER6 System Blade Center POWER 5 System HMC: Hardware Management Console WPAR: Workload Partition (Container) IVM: Integrated Virtualization Manager PHYP: POWER Hypervisor VIOS: Virtual IO Server (virtual IO and Layer 2 bridge) BMC: Baseboard Management Controller MM: Management Module SMP: Symmetric Multi Processor FSP: Flexible Service Processor

Director 6.1 Power Capabilities
Automatic Discovery and Inventory: POWER resources and connected storage which includes the collection of both hardware and software inventory. HMC, CEC, LPAR, AIX, pLinux, HMC, VIOS, FSP, and Virtual Networking components – bridges and VLANS) Visualize various POWER resource: Topologies and relationship across physical server and virtual servers CEC, HMC, VIOS, LPAR, devices, AIX, pLinux and Virtual Networking components, virtual disks, logical volumes and associated volume groups. Discovery and documentation of full system configuration Physical and virtual IO resources and association/relationship (for configuration recovery – i.e. System plan).

Show Health and Status of Physical and Virtual Servers HMC and VIOS. Show Alerts: Hardware failures and system logs from VIOS, HMC and the operating systems. Base Monitoring: OS Metrics: CPU and memory utilization File system metrics across hosts and virtual servers. Historical and OS events monitoring. View CPU utilization metrics for environments that contain both shared and dedicated processors for both host and virtual servers.

Download, Manage, and apply recommended Updates AIX, pLinux, i5OS, HMC and System Firmware Deployment/Provisioning/Planning Ability to configure new systems or clone systems using system plans Deployment of OS and VIOS on a LPAR via HMC. Base Virtualization Management Support key lifecycle LPAR and mobility operations Within single HMC domain) operations. Consolidated Interface Integration of tasks for Key Power Resource Managers HMC, IVM/VIOS, AIX and i5OS management consoles

Comprehensive CLI interface Discovery/Health/Update/Deployment, LPAR virtualization lifecycle and mobility, power control and management Energy Management – Active Energy Manager Monitoring, reporting, capping (both a server and group), and controlling power consumption. Receive power status and alerts. Energy Thresholding - Allow a user to set a power or temperature threshold, and be notified when it is reached (or allow an action to automatically be taken). Full CLI for all key AEM functionality. Support of AEM Server on AIX. Enterprise Integration and Manageability Out-of-the box management utilizing standard CIM profiles for AIX, pLinux, i50S, HMC, and VIOS resources

WPAR Manager V2.1 Fully integrated as an IBM Systems Director plug-in
Support for Live Application Mobility with SAN Devices

Challenge: Virtualization Flexibility vs Complexity
Widespread enterprise virtualization has led to increased management complexity Physical server sprawl replaced by virtual image sprawl Multiple sysadmin skill sets required to manage virtualized infrastructure IT costs shifting from hardware to energy, virtualization infrastructure and management $0 $50 $100 $150 $200 $250 $300 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Installed Base (M Units) Spending (US$B) New server spending Server mgmt and admin costs Power and cooling costs 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 Source: IDC, 2008

Solution: VMControl Unifies Virtualization Management
Enabling consistent multi-platform management for IBM Systems Manages Power Systems, System z®, System x®, storage and network resources Integrates management of virtual servers, appliances, storage, networks and clouds Provides seamless integration into Tivoli enterprise service management solutions

System Pools: Next Step in Evolution of Virtualization Managing a pool of server resources with single systems simplicity Combines multiple virtual resources into one manageable entity Automates virtual image mobility for optimal utilization and resilience Optimizes virtual assets for performance, availability and energy use Integrates server, storage and network virtualization Mobility Virtualization Compute Network Storage Memory Optimized for Availability Performance Energy Compute Network Storage Memory System Pools IT Resources Virtual Images

... reducing the time to deploy applications from days to minutes.
IBM delivers end-to-end visibility, control, and automation for virtual machines and system images Orchestrate composite image processes across the enterprise aligned with business service requirements Manage virtual images - capture, configure, catalog and deploy Standardize and centralize the management of virtualization technologies to gain operational efficiencies Manage virtualization across all IBM Systems Support for PowerVM™, z/VM®, VMware, Hyper-V and KVM virtualization Optimize Automate business service delivery Manage Centralize enterprise image management and deployment IBM delivers end-to-end management of virtual machines and images. The combination of Systems Director and Tivoli gives you a full range of Physical-to-virtual (P2V), virtual-to-virtual (V2V) and virtual-to-physical (V2P) conversion capabilities and services, so that you can (from the bottom working up): Improve server utilization/consolidation through the use of virtual management technology by standardizing and centralizing virtualization management for efficiency Improve ability to automatically deploy/capture and re-deploy the entire software stack as part of the dev/test to production cycle by managing the virtual image lifecycle Automate workload migration from image to image regardless of whether they are physical or virtual through automated orchestration of virtual machine and image management. Virtualize Create, manage and migrate virtual machines (physical-to-virtual, virtual-to-virtual) ... reducing the time to deploy applications from days to minutes.

Optimize Manage Virtualize
Systems Director VMControl provides consistent, cross-platform management for virtualized environments IBM Systems Director VMControl Enterprise Edition Optimize With System Pools Create, modify, delete Automate resource mobility Manage utilization and availability Optimize VMControl Standard Edition Manage Virtual Image Libraries Create, capture, import, deploy Centralize image management Migrate virtual-to-virtual images Manage Systems Director VMControl provides a consistent means of managing virtual environments across multiple platforms and hypervisors. The base IBM Systems Director provides the core discovery and health monitoring of physical and virtual resources. VMControl adds the ability to manage the lifecycle (create, delete, change, or movement/deployment) of virtual machines with the Express Edition, adds management of virtual images with the Standard Edition, and in a future release, management of virtual system pools with the Enterprise Edition. These functions enable IT organizations to simplify operations and reduce costs, improving management by mitigating the disruptive nature of provisioning, and Dynamic Infrastructure levels for simplifying operations, then creating a more efficient shared infrastructure and finally the dynamic infrastructure needed for cloud computing. VMControl Express Edition Virtualize Workloads Create, modify, delete VMs Manage multiple hypervisors Relocate VMs Virtualize

VMControl Editions and PowerVM
60-day Free Trial! VMControl VMControl Express Edition VMControl Standard Edition VMControl Enterprise Edition Virtualization Capabilities Virtualize resources Manage virtual images Optimize system pools PowerVM Create/manage virtual machines (x86, PowerVM and z/VM)  Virtual machine relocation Capture/import, create/remove standardized virtual images Deploy standard virtual images Maintain virtual images in a centralized library Create/remove system pools and manage resources in system pools Add/remove physical servers within system pools

Enterprise service management Platform management of IBM systems
IBM Platform and Enterprise Service Management Enterprise service management Align IT operations with the business Govern and control the business Optimize the business Platform management of IBM systems Consolidated management across systems Integrated physical and virtual management Automated physical and virtual provisioning The unique integration of IBM Systems Director and Tivoli® provides a centralized platform for consolidated data center service management. 98

IBM Director and Tivoli
IBM Tivoli Real-time ultra-scalable, cross platform enterprise service management solutions Business service management with robust analytics, enhanced service impact analysis and Key Performance Indicators Sophisticated Layer 1-3 network management with advanced root cause analysis Robust application discovery, change and configuration management and monitoring Advanced security operations management, provisioning, software distribution and inventory IBM Director “Care and feeding” of the hardware Detailed hardware inventory, alerts and tools for IBM Systems Basic patch management Allows for upward integration into the Tivoli environment Advanced, predictive server hardware management System performance and power measurement Resources Application IBM Tivoli Middleware Network tightly couple among IBM Director and Tivoli products. Using Common Agent Service (CAS) Use of common components in IBM Director and Tivoli product, starting with TPM. Converge on browser-base GUI, Portal technology with IBM Director Operating System Hardware

IBM Systems Director Active Energy Manager 3.1
Exploit Energy Scale capabilities in POWER6 processor-based servers Power Trending Thermal Trending Effective CPU Trending Power Savings Power Capping Support power savings for new POWER6 processor-based models Discover and monitor legacy and select non-IBM systems through the intelligent Power Distribution Unit (iPDU) Display trending information per load group Allows management of POWER6 legacy systems Support low- to mid-range storage devices Enhancements above PowerExecutive™ V2 (Windows®, xLinux) Support for new x86 Systems Cross-system monitoring and management support iPDU support System polling enhancements AEM application supported on: Windows, x86 Linux, Linux on p

Active Energy Manager Monitoring Functions
“No Charge” Monitor Functions Power Trending Displays power usage for individual systems over time (in a graph or in table format) to understand power usage trends within and across their systems Thermal Trending Displays information on the inlet and exhaust temperatures for individual systems one at a time to understand thermal characteristics of systems so that temperature adjustments can be made within the IT shop iPDU (intelligent Power Distribution Units) Enables support for power trending for older systems, low- and mid-range storage devices as well as non-IBM systems. By plugging these systems into an intelligent PDU (a smart power strip) AEM can collect power information from I/O drawers within the iPDU thereby giving a more complete view of power used within a data center Native Support Extends power management functions such as power trending, thermal trending, and power capping, originally available on System x™, to multiple IBM platforms enabling power management functions on all IBM systems from a single console which reduces complexity

Active Energy Manager Management Functions
“Priced” Management Functions Power Capping Allocates a maximum power level a system can use without having to worry about power usage above the maximum point AEM will throttle the processor to use less power, which slows down the server, if the system starts to consume more than the maximum level set This feature can come into play if it gets too warm in the data center as setting the cap will ensure that the system will not use more than that cap value thus reducing power and thermal usage Power Savings Mode Enables a system to save up to 30% of normal CPU power usage Power savings is enabled via an on/off switch which can be scheduled during times of low utilization Occurs automatically based on processor utilization if the function is supported on the system Allows management of power usage as work activity shifts across various demands

Implementing Active Energy Manager
How does it work? Hardware, firmware, and systems management software in servers and blades can take inventory of components No agents are required on the endpoint servers Active Energy Manager totals up the power draw for each server/blade and tracks that usage over time When power is constrained, Active Energy Manager allows power to be allocated on a server by server Care taken that limiting power consumption does not affect performance Sensors and alerts can warn the user if limiting power to this server could affect performance In the future group power policies may be developed across groups of servers and reallocated dynamically based on past history

IBM Software

PowerHA – Power High Availability
Leadership AIX High Availability and Disaster Recovery Product An Industry-leading UNIX® High Availability and Disaster Recovery Product Available for Linux! Protect your critical business applications through reliable monitoring, failure detection and automated recovery of business applications Linux Support SLES 9 and RHEL 4 and above support Ease of Use Enhancements Configure an PowerHA cluster or upgrade PowerHA on a node without disrupting the target application Fast Failover Detection through enhanced AIX integration improves failover time Recognize Application and Resource presence Resource Dependency Graph Adjustable preferences Workload failover Server B Server A Shared Disk PowerHA

Data Center versus Multi-Site HA/DR Solutions
Data Center Solution Strategy: Deliver near continuous application service Eliminate the affects of planned outages Minimize unplanned outages Plan for regular and sustained role swap operations Primary focus is recovery time (RTO) & recovery point (RPO) Offering: HACMP™ → PowerHA → now PowerHA System Mirror Standard Edition Multi-Site Solution Strategy: Recover operations at a remote location after a system or data center failure Establish or strengthen a business recovery plan Provide separate recovery location Primary focus is recovery point (RPO) Offering: HACMP XD → PowerHA XD → now PowerHA System Mirror Enterprise Edition

Positioning PowerHA Technologies Power Systems Availability Solutions

Positioning PowerHA Technologies Power Systems Availability Solutions
PowerHA SystemMirror PowerHA pureScale Active/Standby HA/DR Clustering Data Center high availability Multi site capability for disaster recovery PowerHA SystemMirror for AIX PowerHA SystemMirror for IBM i Cluster Management/Interconnect Technology Low latency high performance data transfer Distributed cluster coordination Centralized locking Included with DB2 pureScale

PowerHA SystemMirror for AIX V6.1 Highlights
PowerHA SystemMirror Standard Edition targeted at data center high availability solutions PowerHA SystemMirror Enterprise Edition adds support for multi-site high availability and disaster recovery solutions Enterprise Edition extends options for multi-site storage resiliency Today: IBM DS8000® & SVC, Metro Mirror & Global Mirror Now: Adding new support for EMC SRDF GLVM configuration wizard Easier to set up a cross site DR configuration PowerHA with Dynamic LPAR Automatically rebalances processor resources after failover to partitioned backup system

PowerHA SystemMirror for AIX Editions
Standard Edition Enterprise Edition Datacenter cluster management Application service HA stack Shared storage management Automated cluster validation Integrated disk heartbeat Fast disk failover DLPAR management for HA Cluster wide file symc Smart Assists Multi Site HA Management PowerHA GLVM async mode Host based geographic mirroring Host based deployment wizard Supports IBM Metro Mirror Supports IBM Global Mirror (SVC) Supports EMC SRDF sync/async Standard Edition targeted at datacenter HA Enterprise Edition targeted at multi-site HA/DR New Editions packaging makes multi-site DR solutions more affordable New tiered pricing structure lowers costs of HA/DR solutions for mid-sized businesses

IBM Tivoli Access Manager Defend against the top security threats
Protects against misuse by employees and internal users Prevents most hacking exposures Increased security through fine-grained user authorization Secure control of all root user privileges Comprehensive audit records of all root user activity Document regulation compliance Available at no additional charge on Power Systems

GPFS: High-performance, Highly Reliable File Access
GPFS™ allows a cluster of nodes to read/write to a set of disks in parallel at very high speed GPFS recently set a world record of 100 GBps sustained! Redundant data paths and extensive failure recovery ensure reliability Some commercial clients use GPFS entirely for its reliability New data management capabilities increase efficiency and ease! Multi-cluster capability enables data sharing across sites Simultaneous file access eliminates the overhead of multiple copies Powers many of the world’s most powerful supercomputers GPFS is a high performance, parallel cluster file system based on a shared disk model. It enables a cluster of nodes to communicate with a set of disks at very high speed by breaking each file into smaller blocks and reading/writing these blocks in parallel. GPFS’s performance has consistently set records and explains why many of the worlds largest scientific supercomputers use GPFS. In addition to the performance advantage, the redundant paths between the disks and nodes make GPFS extremely reliable – some customers use GPFS specifically for its reliability. GPFS also has advantages for data sharing. First, GPFS enables multiple users to work on separate parts of a single file simultaneously; for example, multiple video editors can work on a single file even as it is being streamed in from the field – this reduces the cost of storing, managing and merging multiple files. Furthermore, GPFS’s new multi-cluster capability enables data sharing across sites, which is perfect for cross-site collaboration or Grid computing applications. Now increasingly used in commercial applications Digital media Medical imaging Life sciences Financial analysis Business intelligence Engineering design Geographic information systems Data sharing

Business Change is Constant
Can you support growing application workloads? Can you add extra capacity as you need it? Can you ensure business continuity at all times? Can you do it without changes to your applications? Can you do it efficiently and economically?

DB2 pureScale Unlimited Capacity Application Transparency
Buy only what you need, add capacity as your needs grow Application Transparency Avoid the risk and cost of application changes Continuous Availability Deliver uninterrupted access to your data with consistent performance Leverages the architecture of z/OS: the Gold Standard of reliability and scalability Built on Power Systems and AIX

DB2 pureScale Architecture
Automatic workload balancing Cluster of DB2 nodes running on Power servers: Power 550 or Power 595s PowerHA pureScale technology drives the clustering Runs on an LPAR or a stand alone server Based on industry leading System z data sharing architecture, DB2 pureScale integrates IBM technologies to keep your critical systems available all the time. It includes Automatic workload balancing to ensure that no node in the system is over loaded. DB2 will actually route transactions or connections to the least heavily used server. This workload balancing is hidden from the end user and even from applications by having the DB2 client handle all the workload balancing. The client will actually periodically check the workload levels and re-route transactions to different servers. The workload balancing can occur either at the transaction or connection level. Transaction support was added as many customers and ERP system use connection pooling and without transactional level support workloads may never be moved. DB2 pureScale is built on the most reliable UNIX system available – Power Systems. Other platforms will be available in the future DB2 and Power Systems worked very closely on DB2 pureScale to ensure that it is optimized for AIX at all levels, be it memory, networking or storage. The technology for globally sharing locks and memory is based on technology from z/OS which has a great track record of being the most reliable and scalable architecture available. Tivoli System Automation has been integrated deeply into DB2 pureScale. It is installed and configured as part of the DB2 installation process and DBAs and system administrators never even know its there. The DB2 fixpaks will even include and apply any Tivoli updates so DBAs and system administrators never need to understand another software product. The networking infrastructure leverages Infiniband and all additional clustering software is included as pat of DB2 pureScale installation. This technology has allows us to avoid many scaling problems other vendors have run into. The core of system is a shared disk architecture. InfiniBand network Shared Data – IBM Storage supported

Application Transparency
Avoid the risk and cost of application changes Take advantage of extra capacity instantly No need to modify your application code No need to re-tune your infrastructure Run applications written for other database software with little or no changes Native support for commonly used Oracle Database syntax and procedure language DBAs can add capacity without re-tuning or re-testing

Unlimited Capacity: Scale with the Business Needs
Designed to grow to whatever capacity your system requires Flexible licensing designed for minimizing costs of peak times Reduce cost with efficient use of system resources Process higher transactional workload with minimal system overhead Add/remove capacity as needed Flexible software licensing to accommodate peak workloads Provide capacity for any transactional workload In architecture validation testing, scales to more than one hundred DB2 servers* Leverage highest performing database systems in the industry; over 6M tpmc per single system image** Solution: Use DB2 pureScale and add another server for those two days, and only pay software license fees for the days you use it. * Validation testing includes capabilities to be available in future releases. ** TPC/C results. tpmC: 6,085,166; Price/tpmC: 2.81 USD; System Available: 12/10/08; Processors: 32; Cores: 64; Threads: 128. DB2 pureScale helps CIOs handle business critical peak periods & save costs

Continuous Availability
Protect from infrastructure outage Architected for no single point of failure Redundant architecture Continuous processing during node failure All surviving nodes continue to process transactions during node failure Data being modified by failing node is available in less than 20 seconds Redistribute workload to available nodes immediately Highly scalable and resilient infrastructure with IBM Power Systems Exploits new PowerHA pureScale technology Based on the most reliable UNIX platform according to ITIC* Over 100+ node architecture validation has been run by IBM

PowerHA pureScale Technology Enables Efficient and Continuous Operations
DB2 pureScale includes PowerHA pureScale technology to... Reduce system overhead by minimizing inter-node communications Centralized database locking and caching minimizes inter-node communications, maximizing productive use of computing power Reduce cost of systems communication with direct memory access Remote Direct Memory Accesses virtually eliminates processor context switching for IP network communications within the system Maintain business continuity by minimizing impact of node failure Data and lock status are immediately accessible to all nodes, ensuring consistent application performance Also exploits Power Systems 12X GX adapters to deliver low latency & high performance interconnect Supported on Power 550 & Power 595 Power 595 Power 550 Express

PowerHA pureScale Technology Enables Efficient and Continuous Operations
DB2 pureScale includes PowerHA pureScale technology to... Reduce system overhead by minimizing inter-node communications Centralized database locking and caching minimizes inter-node communications - maximizing productive use of computing power Reduce cost of systems communication with direct memory access Remote Direct Memory Accesses virtually eliminates processor context switching for IP network communications within the system Maintain business continuity by minimizing impact of node failure Data and lock status are immediately accessible to all nodes, ensuring consistent application performance

PowerHA Technologies Power Systems Availability Solutions
PowerHA SystemMirror PowerHA pureScale Active/Standby HA/DR Clustering Data Center high availability Multi site capability for disaster recovery PowerHA SystemMirror for AIX PowerHA SystemMirror for IBM i Cluster Management/Interconnect Technology Low latency high performance data transfer Global Lock management Global Buffer Pool Shared Communications Distributed cluster coordination Centralized locking Included with DB2 pureScale

Achieving Efficient Scaling : Key Design Points
Deep RDMA exploitation over low latency fabric Enables round-trip response time ~10-15 microseconds Silent Invalidation Informs members of page updates requires no CPU cycles on those members No interrupt or other message processing required Increasingly important as cluster grows Hot pages available without disk I/O from Global Buffer Pool memory RDMA and dedicated threads enable read page operations in ~10s of microseconds Buffers Buffers Buffers Buffers x x x Global Buffer Pool Global Lock Manager Shared Cache

20Gb IB pureScale Interconnect
Scalability : Example Clients (2-way x345) Transaction processing workload modeling warehouse & ordering process Write transactions rate to 20% Typical read/write ratio of many OLTP workloads No cluster awareness in the application No affinity No partitioning No routing of transactions to members Testing key DB2 pureScale design point Configuration 12 8-core p550 members 64 GB, 5 GHz each Duplexed PowerHA pureScale across 2 additional 8-core p550s DS8300 storage 576 15K disks, Two 4Gb FC Switches IBM 20Gb/s IB HCAs IB Switch 1Gb Ethernet Client Connectivity p550 powerHA pureScale p550 members 20Gb IB pureScale Interconnect Switch - tps rate measures all trans (both r and w) ? Yes, and rw transactions - how large was the database? 430,000 pages total, with 350k pages growth during the runtime - how large were the LBPs and GBP ?both GBP and GLM were at 4GB each, and LBP at 2GB Based on TPC-C 2 tier batch driver Using 3 tables (Order_Line/Stock/History) Same data generator and schema as TPC-C 10 different transactions of varying complexity Reads and writes on the tables All members access entire range of warehouses Tunable mix of 10 transactions Two 4Gb FC Switches DS8300 Storage

Scalability : Example Throughput vs 1 member # Members
12 members Throughput vs 1 member 8 members 4 members 2 members # Members

UNIX® Server Rolling Four Quarter Average Revenue Share
Power Systems Continues a 8+ Year Run of Growth Sun SPARC and HP/Itanium continue to decline UNIX® Server Rolling Four Quarter Average Revenue Share Source: IDC Quarterly Server Tracker Q309 release, December 2009

What Drives IBM Power Systems Growth?
Power Systems leadership in Scale-up, Scale-out and Scale-within Power Systems provide scalable, predictable, consistent and balanced system performance Power Virtualization leadership For over 10 years, Power Systems has been fine-tuning highly integrated systems designed from the ground up for industrial strength virtualization SPARC, PA-RISC, Itanium and x86 users are moving to Power™ Clients trust the migration experience of IBM and the proven capability of Power Systems to handle their toughest workloads

Power Systems Virtualization Energy Efficiency Business Resiliency
60-80% utilization In 65% of systems shipped in 2008 Energy Efficiency 70-90% energy cost reduction More work per watt with POWER6 Business Resiliency Exploit PowerHA™ technologies Roadmap to continuous availability Management Increase deployment speed Manage energy usage & costs High Performing, Scalable, Modular

Consolidating with AIX on Power Systems enables clients to…
REDUCE COST Server consolidation with shared resources enables high system utilization, which lowers the cost of ownership by reducing networking, energy, floor space, and software costs. IMPROVE SERVICE Server consolidation improves service to clients by delivering flexible performance, dynamic provisioning and enabling clients to avoid disruption MANAGE RISK Server consolidation manages IT risk by improving security, increasing business resiliency and simplifying operations. AIX, Power™ Systems and PowerVM™ are designed to deliver effective consolidation in the most demanding data centers

Take The Steps to a Dynamic Infrastructure with the New Power Equation

References 1. IBM AIX 6.1 Differences Guide SG24-7559
2. AIX, VIOS and HMC Facts and Features 3. IBM Infocenter 4. Business Value of Power Systems 5. IBM STG Sales Presentations

Special Notices This document was developed for IBM offerings in the United States as of the date of publication. IBM may not make these offerings available in other countries, and the information is subject to change without notice. Consult your local IBM business contact for information on the IBM offerings available in your area. Information in this document concerning non-IBM products was obtained from the suppliers of these products or other public sources. Questions on the capabilities of non-IBM products should be addressed to the suppliers of those products. IBM may have patents or pending patent applications covering subject matter in this document. The furnishing of this document does not give you any license to these patents. Send license inquires, in writing, to IBM Director of Licensing, IBM Corporation, New Castle Drive, Armonk, NY USA. All statements regarding IBM future direction and intent are subject to change or withdrawal without notice, and represent goals and objectives only. The information contained in this document has not been submitted to any formal IBM test and is provided "AS IS" with no warranties or guarantees either expressed or implied. All examples cited or described in this document are presented as illustrations of the manner in which some IBM products can be used and the results that may be achieved. Actual environmental costs and performance characteristics will vary depending on individual client configurations and conditions. IBM Global Financing offerings are provided through IBM Credit Corporation in the United States and other IBM subsidiaries and divisions worldwide to qualified commercial and government clients. Rates are based on a client's credit rating, financing terms, offering type, equipment type and options, and may vary by country. Other restrictions may apply. Rates and offerings are subject to change, extension or withdrawal without notice. IBM is not responsible for printing errors in this document that result in pricing or information inaccuracies. All prices shown are IBM's United States suggested list prices and are subject to change without notice; reseller prices may vary. IBM hardware products are manufactured from new parts, or new and serviceable used parts. Regardless, our warranty terms apply. Any performance data contained in this document was determined in a controlled environment. Actual results may vary significantly and are dependent on many factors including system hardware configuration and software design and configuration. Some measurements quoted in this document may have been made on development-level systems. There is no guarantee these measurements will be the same on generally-available systems. Some measurements quoted in this document may have been estimated through extrapolation. Users of this document should verify the applicable data for their specific environment. Revised September 26, 2006

Special Notices (Cont.)
The following terms are registered trademarks of International Business Machines Corporation in the United States and/or other countries: AIX, AIX/L, AIX/L (logo), AIX 6 (logo), alphaWorks, AS/400, BladeCenter, Blue Gene, Blue Lightning, C Set++, CICS, CICS/6000, ClusterProven, CT/2, DataHub, DataJoiner, DB2, DEEP BLUE, developerWorks, DirectTalk, Domino, DYNIX, DYNIX/ptx, e business (logo), e(logo)business, e(logo)server, Enterprise Storage Server, ESCON, FlashCopy, GDDM, i5/OS, i5/OS (logo), IBM, IBM (logo), ibm.com, IBM Business Partner (logo), Informix, IntelliStation, IQ-Link, LANStreamer, LoadLeveler, Lotus, Lotus Notes, Lotusphere, Magstar, MediaStreamer, Micro Channel, MQSeries, Net.Data, Netfinity, NetView, Network Station, Notes, NUMA-Q, OpenPower, Operating System/2, Operating System/400, OS/2, OS/390, OS/400, Parallel Sysplex, PartnerLink, PartnerWorld, Passport Advantage, POWERparallel, Power PC 603, Power PC 604, PowerPC, PowerPC (logo), Predictive Failure Analysis, pSeries, PTX, ptx/ADMIN, Quick Place, Rational, RETAIN, RISC System/6000, RS/6000, RT Personal Computer, S/390, Sametime, Scalable POWERparallel Systems, SecureWay, Sequent, ServerProven, SpaceBall, System/390, The Engines of e-business, THINK, Tivoli, Tivoli (logo), Tivoli Management Environment, Tivoli Ready (logo), TME, TotalStorage, TURBOWAYS, VisualAge, WebSphere, xSeries, z/OS, zSeries. The following terms are trademarks of International Business Machines Corporation in the United States and/or other countries: Advanced Micro-Partitioning, AIX 5L, AIX PVMe, AS/400e, Calibrated Vectored Cooling, Chiphopper, Chipkill, Cloudscape, DataPower, DB2 OLAP Server, DB2 Universal Database, DFDSM, DFSORT, DS4000, DS6000, DS8000, e-business (logo), e-business on demand, EnergyScale, Enterprise Workload Manager, eServer, Express Middleware, Express Portfolio, Express Servers, Express Servers and Storage, General Purpose File System, GigaProcessor, GPFS, HACMP, HACMP/6000, IBM Systems Director Active Energy Manager, IBM TotalStorage Proven, IBMLink, IMS, Intelligent Miner, iSeries, Micro-Partitioning, NUMACenter, On Demand Business logo, POWER, PowerExecutive, PowerVM, PowerVM (logo), Power Architecture, Power Everywhere, Power Family, POWER Hypervisor, Power PC, Power Systems, Power Systems (logo), Power Systems Software, Power Systems Software (logo), PowerPC Architecture, PowerPC 603, PowerPC 603e, PowerPC 604, PowerPC 750, POWER2, POWER2 Architecture, POWER3, POWER4, POWER4+, POWER5, POWER5+, POWER6, POWER6+, pure XML, Quickr, Redbooks, Sequent (logo), SequentLINK, Server Advantage, ServeRAID, Service Director, SmoothStart, SP, System i, System i5, System p, System p5, System Storage, System z, System z9, S/390 Parallel Enterprise Server, Tivoli Enterprise, TME 10, TotalStorage Proven, Ultramedia, VideoCharger, Virtualization Engine, Visualization Data Explorer, Workload Partitions Manager, X-Architecture, z/Architecture, z/9. A full list of U.S. trademarks owned by IBM may be found at: The Power Architecture and Power.org wordmarks and the Power and Power.org logos and related marks are trademarks and service marks licensed by Power.org. UNIX is a registered trademark of The Open Group in the United States, other countries or both. Linux is a trademark of Linus Torvalds in the United States, other countries or both. Microsoft, Windows, Windows NT and the Windows logo are registered trademarks of Microsoft Corporation in the United States, other countries or both. Intel, Itanium, Pentium are registered trademarks and Xeon is a trademark of Intel Corporation or its subsidiaries in the United States, other countries or both. AMD Opteron is a trademark of Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. Java and all Java-based trademarks and logos are trademarks of Sun Microsystems, Inc. in the United States, other countries or both. TPC-C and TPC-H are trademarks of the Transaction Performance Processing Council (TPPC). SPECint, SPECfp, SPECjbb, SPECweb, SPECjAppServer, SPEC OMP, SPECviewperf, SPECapc, SPEChpc, SPECjvm, SPECmail, SPECimap and SPECsfs are trademarks of the Standard Performance Evaluation Corp (SPEC). NetBench is a registered trademark of Ziff Davis Media in the United States, other countries or both. AltiVec is a trademark of Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. Cell Broadband Engine is a trademark of Sony Computer Entertainment Inc. InfiniBand, InfiniBand Trade Association and the InfiniBand design marks are trademarks and/or service marks of the InfiniBand Trade Association. Other company, product and service names may be trademarks or service marks of others. Revised January 15, 2008

Notes on Benchmarks and Values
The benchmarks and values shown herein were derived using particular, well configured, development-level computer systems. Unless otherwise indicated for a system, the values were derived using external cache, if external cache is supported on the system. Buyers should consult other sources of information to evaluate the performance of systems they are considering buying and should consider conducting application oriented testing. For additional information about the benchmarks, values and systems tested, contact your local IBM office or IBM authorized reseller or access the following on the Web: TPC Linpack Pro/E SPEC GPC NotesBench Mail VolanoMark STREAM Unless otherwise indicated for a system, the performance benchmarks were conducted using AIX V4.3 or AIX . IBM C Set++ for AIX and IBM XL FORTRAN for AIX with optimization were the compilers used in the benchmark tests. The preprocessors used in some benchmark tests include KAP 3.2 for FORTRAN and KAP/C from Kuck & Associates and VAST-2 v4.01X8 from Pacific-Sierra Research. The preprocessors were purchased separately from these vendors. Other software packages like IBM ESSL for AIX and MASS for AIX were also used in some benchmarks. The following SPEC and Linpack benchmarks reflect microprocessor, memory architecture, and compiler performance of the tested system (XX is either 95 or 2000): SPECintXX - SPEC component-level benchmark that measures integer performance. Result is the geometric mean of eight tests comprising the CINTXX benchmark suite. All of these are written in the C language. SPECint_baseXX is the result of the same tests as CINTXX with a maximum of four compiler flags that must be used in all eight tests. SPECint_rateXX - Geometric average of the eight SPEC rates from the SPEC integer tests (CINTXX). SPECint_base_rateXX is the result of the same tests as CINTXX with a maximum of four compiler flags that must be used in all eight tests. SPECfpXX - SPEC component-level benchmark that measures floating-point performance. Result is the geometric mean of ten tests, all written in FORTRAN, included in the CFPXX benchmark suite. SPECfp_baseXX is the result of the same tests as CFPXX with a maximum of four compiler flags that must be used in all ten tests. SPECfp_rateXX - Geometric average of the ten SPEC rates from SPEC floating-point tests (CFPXX). SPECfp_base_rateXX is the result of the same tests as CFPXX with a maximum of four compiler flags that must be used in all ten tests. SPECweb96 - Maximum number of Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) operations per second achieved on the SPECweb96 benchmark without significant degradation of response time. The Web server software is ZEUS v.1.1 from Zeus Technology Ltd. SPECweb99 - Number of conforming, simultaneous connections the Web server can support using a predefined workload. The SPECweb99 test harness emulates clients sending the HTTP requests in the workload over slow Internet connections to the Web server. The Web server software is Zeus from Zeus Technology Ltd. SPECweb99_SSL - Number of conforming, simultaneous SSL encryption/decryption connections the Web server can support using a predefined workload. The Web server software is Zeus from Zeus Technology Ltd. SPEC OMP Measures performance based on OpenMP applications. SPECsfs97_R1 - Measures speed and request-handling capabilities of NFS (network file server) computers. Revised September 24, 2003

Notes on Benchmarks and Values (Cont.)
SPECjAppServer200X (where X is 1 or 2) - Measures the performance of Java Enterprise Application Servers using a subset of J2EE APIs in a complete end-to-end Web application. The Linpack benchmark measures floating-point performance of a system. Linpack DP (Double Precision) - n=100 is the array size. The results are measured in megaflops (MFLOPS). Linpack SP (Single Precision) - n=100 is the array size. The results are measured in MFLOPS. Linpack TPP (Toward Peak Performance) - n=1,000 is the array size. The results are measured in MFLOPS. Linpack HPC (Highly Parallel Computing) - solves the largest system of linear equations possible. The results are measured in GFLOPS. STREAM measures sustainable memory bandwidth in high performance computers. VolanoMark is a 100% pure Java server benchmark that creates long-lasting network client connections in groups of 20 and measures how long it takes for the clients to take turns broadcasting their messages to the group. The benchmark reports a score as the average number of messages transferred by the server per second. The following Transaction Processing Performance Council (TPC) benchmarks reflect the performance of the microprocessor, memory subsystem, disk subsystem, and some portions of the network: tpmC - TPC Benchmark C throughput measured as the average number of transactions processed per minute during a valid TPC-C configuration run of at least twenty minutes. $/tpmC - TPC Benchmark C price/performance ratio reflects the estimated five year total cost of ownership for system hardware, software, and maintenance and is determined by dividing such estimated total cost by the tpmC for the system. QppH is the power metric of TPC-H and is based on a geometric mean of the 17 TPC-H queries, the insert test, and the delete test. It measures the ability of the system to give a single user the best possible response time by harnessing all available resources. QppH is scaled based on database size from 30GB to 10TB. QthH is the throughput metric of TPC-H and is a classical throughput measurement characterizing the ability of the system to support a multiuser workload in a balanced way. A number of query users is chosen, each of which must execute the full set of 17 queries in a different order. In the background, there is an update stream running a series of insert/delete operations. QthH is scaled based on the database size from 30GB to 10TB. $/QphH is the price/performance metric for the TPC-H benchmark where QphH is the geometric mean of QppH and QthH. The price is the five-year cost of ownership for the tested configuration and includes maintenance and software support. Revised January 9, 2003

Notes on Benchmarks and Values (Cont.)
The following graphics benchmarks reflect the performance of the microprocessor, memory subsystem, and graphics adapter: SPECxpc results - Xmark93 is the weighted geometric mean of 447 tests executed in the x11perf suite and is an indicator of 2D graphics performance in an X environment. Larger values indicate better performance. SPECplb results (graPHIGS) - PLBwire93 and PLBsurf93 are geometric means of literal and optimized Picture Level Benchmark (PLB) tests for 3D wireframe and 3D surface tests, respectively. Larger values indicate better performance. SPECopc results - Viewperf 7 (3dsmax-01, DRV-08, DX-07, Light-05, ProE-01, UGS-01) and Viewperf (AWadvs-04, DRV-07, DX-06, Light-04, medMCAD-01, ProCDRS-03) are weighted geometric means of individual viewset metrics. Larger values indicate better performance. The following graphics benchmarks reflect the performance of the microprocessor, memory subsystem, graphics adapter and disk subsystem. SPECapc Pro/Engineer 2000i2 results - PROE2000I2_ was developed by the SPECapc committee to measure UNIX and Windows workstations in a comparable real-world environment. Larger numbers indicate better performance. The NotesBench Mail workload simulates users reading and sending mail. A simulated user will execute a prescribed set of functions 4 times per hour and will generate mail traffic about every 90 minutes. Performance metrics are: NotesMark - transactions/minute (TPM). NotesBench users - number of client (user) sessions being simulated by the NotesBench workload. $/NotesMark - ratio of total system cost divided by the NotesMark (TPM) achieved on the Mail workload. $/User - ratio of total system cost divided by the number of client sessions successfully simulated for the NotesBench Mail workload measured. Total system cost is the price of the server under test to the customer, including hardware, operating system, and Domino Server licenses. Application Benchmarks SAP - Benchmark overview information: Benchmark White Paper September, 2000; PeopleSoft - To get information on PeopleSoft benchmarks, contact PeopleSoft directly or the PeopleSoft/IBM International Competency Center in San Mateo, CA. Oracle Applications - Benchmark overview information: Baan - The Baan benchmark demonstrates the scalability of Baan ERP solutions. The test results provide the number of Baan Reference Users (BRUs) that can be supported on a specific system. BRU is a single on-line user or a batch unit workload. These metrics are consistent with those used internally by both IBM and Baan to size systems. To get information on Baan benchmarks, contact Baan directly or the IBM/Baan International Competency Center in San Mateo, CA. J.D. Edwards Applications - Product overview information at Revised May 28, 2003

Notes on Performance Estimates
rPerf rPerf (Relative Performance) is an estimate of commercial processing performance relative to other pSeries systems. It is derived from an IBM analytical model which uses characteristics from IBM internal workloads, TPC and SPEC benchmarks. The rPerf model is not intended to represent any specific public benchmark results and should not be reasonably used in that way. The model simulates some of the system operations such as CPU, cache and maximum memory available. However, the model does not simulate disk or network I/O operations. rPerf estimates are calculated based on systems with maximum memory and the latest levels of AIX and other pertinent software. Actual performance will vary based on configuration details. The pSeries 640 is the baseline reference system and has a value of 1.0. Although rPerf may be used to compare estimated IBM UNIX commercial processing performance, actual system performance may vary and is dependent upon many factors including system hardware configuration and software design and configuration. All performance estimates are provided "AS IS" and no warranties or guarantees are expressed or implied by IBM. Buyers should consult other sources of information, including system benchmarks, to evaluate the performance of a system they are considering buying. For additional information about rPerf, contact your local IBM office or IBM authorized reseller. Revised June 25, 2003

AIX 6 Excellence Ravi Singh IBM Power Systems rsingh@us.ibm.com.

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