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American Red Cross: First Aid/CPR/AED

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Presentation on theme: "American Red Cross: First Aid/CPR/AED"— Presentation transcript:

1 American Red Cross: First Aid/CPR/AED
S. Norman

2 Identify and eliminate potentially hazardous conditions from environment
Recognize emergencies Make appropriate decisions Purpose

3 Requirements Attend and participate in all activities, skill sessions
Correctly demonstrate all required skills Correctly answer at least 80% of the questions in each section of the written exam First Aid/CPR/AED certification is good for 2 years Requirements

4 Recognizing and Responding to an Emergency
What would you do?

5 By recognizing an emergency and taking immediate action to help, you give a suddenly ill or injured person the best chance for survival. Emergencies can often be recognized because of unusual sights, appearances, behaviors, odors or noises. Key Points

6 Overcoming Barriers to Act

7 There are many reasons why bystanders do not get involved in an emergency situation.
It is normal to feel hesitant or unsure about what to do. Key Points

8 What barriers prevent people from getting involved?
The presence of other people may lead one to assume that someone else will get involved Uncertainty about the person’s condition Type of injury or illness Fear of catching a disease Fear of doing something wrong Fear of being sued Being unsure of when to call 9-1-1 What barriers prevent people from getting involved?

9 What are some ways to overcome barriers to act?
Getting trained in First Aid/CPR/AED Training to develop the confidence to act, which enables you to take charge until more advanced help arrives Avoiding contact with blood or body fluids by using protective barriers and following standard precautions Being familiar with Good Samaritan laws and obtaining consent What are some ways to overcome barriers to act?

10 HIV AND AIDS

11 AIDS is a condition caused by HIV.
When HIV infects the body, it damages the body’s immune system and impairs its ability to fight other infections. The virus can grow quietly for months or even years. People infected with HIV might not feel or look sick. Eventually, the weakened immune system allows certain types of infections to develop. This condition is known as AIDS. People with AIDS eventually develop life-threatening infections, which can cause them to die. Because currently there is no vaccine against HIV, prevention still is the best tool.

12 The two most likely ways for HIV to be transmitted during care would be through:
Unprotected direct contact with infected blood Unprotected indirect contact with infected blood

13 Unprotected direct contact with infected blood.
This type of transmission could happen if infected blood or body fluids from one person enter another person’s body at a correct entry site. For example, a responder could contract HIV if the infected person’s blood splashes in the responder’s eye or if the responder directly touches the infected person’s body fluids. Unprotected direct contact with infected blood.

14 Unprotected indirect contact with infected blood
This type of transmission could happen if a person touches an object that contains the blood or other body fluids of an infected person, and that infected blood or other body fluid enters the body through a correct entry site. For example, HIV could be transmitted if a responder picks up a blood-soaked bandage with a bare hand and the infected blood enters the responder’s hand through a cut in the skin. Unprotected indirect contact with infected blood

15 The virus cannot enter through the skin unless there is a cut or break in the skin.
Even then, the possibility of infection is very low unless there is direct contact for a lengthy period of time. Saliva is not known to transmit HIV. The likelihood of HIV transmission during a first aid situation is very low. Always give care in ways that protect you and the person from disease transmission. HIV AND AIDS

16 Good Samaritan Laws and Obtaining Consent

17 What does it mean to be a Good Samaritan?
Voluntarily give emergency care without accepting anything in return Protection from legal liability as long as you— Act in good faith Are not negligent Act within the scope of your training What does it mean to be a Good Samaritan?

18 You must obtain permission to help an ill or injured person
If a person refuses care, at least call 9-1-1 If a person is unconscious, confused, or seriously ill and unable to grant consent, consent is implied If the person is a minor, get consent from parent/guardian. No parent/guardian present, implied consent Obtaining Consent

19 To obtain consent: State your name
Tell the person you are trained in first aid Ask the person if you can help Explain what you think may be wrong Explain what you plan to do To obtain consent:

20 Preventing Disease Transmission

21 Key Points Avoid contact with— Use protective equipment, such as—
blood body fluids Use protective equipment, such as— Disposable gloves CPR breathing barriers Wash your hands immediately after care Key Points

22 REMOVING GLOVES Demonstration and Practice

23 PINCH GLOVE Pinch the palm side of one glove near the wrist. Carefully pull the glove off so that it is inside out.

24 SLIP TWO FINGERS UNDER GLOVE
Hold the glove in the palm of the remaining gloved hand. Slip two fingers under the glove at the wrist of the remaining gloved hand.

25 PULL GLOVE OFF Pull the glove until it comes off, inside out, so that the first glove ends up inside the glove just removed.

26 DISPOSE OF GLOVES AND WASH HANDS
After removing the gloves: ■ Dispose of gloves in the appropriate biohazard container. ■ Wash hands thoroughly with soap and warm running water, if available. ■ Otherwise, use an alcohol-based hand sanitizer to clean the hands if they are not visibly soiled.

27 Emergency Action Steps
Check—Call—Care

28 CHECK the scene for safety, then check the person for life-threatening conditions
CALL 9-1-1 CARE for the ill or injured person Check—Call—Care

29 Life-threatening conditions
Unconsciousness Not breathing or having trouble breathing Choking Persistent chest pain No signs of life (normal breathing/movement) Severe bleeding Severe burns Shock Seizures (that recur, last >5 minutes, result from injury, involve someone pregnant, diabetic, or a person that fails to regain consciousness after a seizure) Life-threatening conditions

30 Checking a Conscious Adult

31 Key Points Adult—someone who is about 12 years of age or older
After checking the scene, you should check the adult first for life-threatening conditions Obtain consent to give care A head-to-toe examination should be done to check a conscious adult Care for the person based on the conditions found Take steps to minimize shock Key Points

32 Shock is a life-threatening condition in which not enough blood is being delivered to all parts of the body and can result from injury or illness What is shock?

33 Shock is likely to develop after any serious injury or illness including severe bleeding, serious internal injury, significant fluid loss, or other conditions A person showing signals of shock needs immediate medical attention Body systems and organs begin to fail The goals of first aid are to get help quickly and give care to minimize shock while caring for the illness or injury Key Points

34 Checking an Unconscious Adult

35 Checking the ABCs A stands for airway B stands for breathing
C stands for circulation and severe bleeding Checking the ABCs

36 H.A.IN.E.S. High Arm IN Endangered Spine
If a person is unconscious but breathing normally, that person should not be moved from a face-up position If you must leave the person alone or you cannot maintain an open and clear airway because of fluids or vomit, place the person in a modified H.A.IN.E.S. recovery position This position will keep the airway open and clear H.A.IN.E.S. High Arm IN Endangered Spine

37 Cardiac emergencies

38 When a heart muscle is damaged from a lack of oxygen and blood supply by either disease or trauma
A heart attack can eventually lead to cardiac arrest, a condition in which the heart stops functioning altogether What is a heart attack?

39

40 Persistent chest pain or pressure (a primary signal of a heart attack) that lasts longer than 3-5 minutes or goes away and comes back Chest pain spreading to the shoulders, neck, jaw, or arms Shortness of breath or trouble breathing Nausea or vomiting Dizziness, lightheadedness, or fainting Pale, ashen (grayish), or bluish skin Sweating Signs of a heart attack

41 A person having a heart attack may deny that he or she has any signals
Both men and women experience the most common heart attack signal, which is chest pain or discomfort. Women are somewhat more likely to experience some of the other warning signals, particularly shortness of breath, nausea/vomiting, and back or jaw pain Women also tend to delay telling others about their signals to avoid bothering or worrying others Heart Attack Facts

42 Cardiac Chain of Survival
Early recognition and early access The sooner is called, the sooner EMS personnel will take over Early CPR Early CPR helps circulate blood that contains oxygen to the vital organs until an AED is ready to use or advanced medical personnel arrive Cardiac Chain of Survival

43 Cardiac Chain of Survival
Early defibrillation Most victims of sudden cardiac arrest need an electric shock call defibrillation, which may help restore an effective heart rhythm Each minute that defibrillation is delayed reduces the chance of survival by about 10% Early advanced medical care EMS personnel provide more advanced medical care and transport the person to a hospital Cardiac Chain of Survival

44 CPR for Adults

45 CPR—Adult

46 CPR—Adult

47 CPR—Adult

48 CPR—Adult

49 CPR—Adult

50 Do Not Stop Continue cycles of CPR except in one of these situations: You find an obvious sign of life, such as breathing An AED is ready to use EMS personnel take over You are too exhausted to continue The scene becomes unsafe CPR—Adult

51 Hands-Only CPR

52 AED

53 The Heart’s Electrical System

54 When the heart suddenly fails
If the heart is damaged by disease or injury, its electrical system can be disrupted Causes abnormal heart rhythm that can stop the blood from circulating Ventricular fibrillation (V-fib)—occurs when the ventricles quiver, or fibrillate, without any organized rhythm Electrical impulses fire at random creating chaos and preventing the heart from pumping and circulating blood The person may suddenly collapse unconscious and stop breathing When the heart suddenly fails

55 AED

56 AED—Precautions Do not use alcohol to wipe the person’s chest dry
Do not touch the person while the AED is analyzing Do not touch the person while the device is defibrillating Do not defibrillate someone when around flammable or combustible materials Do not use an AED in a moving vehicle Do not use an AED on a person that is in contact with water Do not use an AED on a person wearing a medical patch on the chest Do not use a mobile phone or radio within 6 feet of the AED AED—Precautions

57 Breathing Emergencies

58

59 Causes Choking—partial or complete obstruction Illness
Chronic conditions (asthma) Electrocution Irregular heartbeat Heart attack Injury to the head or brain stem, chest, lungs or abdomen Allergic reactions Drug overdose Poisoning Emotional distress drowning Causes

60 Signals of breathing emergencies
Trouble breathing or no breathing Slow or rapid breathing Unusually deep or shallow breathing Gasping for breath Wheezing, gurgling, or making high-pitched noises Unusually moist or cool skin Flushed, pale, ashen, or bluish skin Shortness of breath Dizziness or light-headedness Pain in the chest or tingling in hands, feet, or lips Apprehensive or fearful feelings Signals of breathing emergencies

61 Causes of Choking in Adults
Trying to swallow large pieces of poorly chewed food Drinking alcohol before or during meals Wearing dentures Eating while talking excitedly or laughing, or eating too fast Walking, playing, or running with food or objects in the mouth Causes of Choking in Adults

62 Signals of choking Coughing, either forcefully or weakly
Clutching the throat with one or both hands Inability to cough, speak, cry, or breathe Making high-pitched noises while inhaling or noisy breathing Panic Bluish skin color Losing consciousness if blockage is not removed Signals of choking

63 Conscious Choking—Adult

64 Special Situations

65 Unconscious Choking—Adult
If the chest does not rise with rescue breaths, retilt the head and give another rescue breath If the chest still does not rise, give 30 chest compressions Look for and remove object if seen Give 2 rescue breaths If the chest still does not rise, continue compressions If chest clearly rises, CHECK for breathing and give CARE based on conditions found Unconscious Choking—Adult


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