1. Social Work & Social Welfare: An Invitation (3rd ed.)
Chapter Eleven Social Work Practice with Organizations & Communities & Policy Practice
Social Work & Social Welfare: An Invitation (3rd ed.)

2. Discussion
What did you write your advocacy letter about? Do you plan to send it? Why or why not?

3. Key Ideas Social work at the macro level
Models of practice with organizations and communities

4. Practice with Organizations & Communities
Macro level of practice
Working toward large-scale change in practice, policy, program, or law that affects people’s lives
Macro level of practice
Working toward large-scale change in practice, policy, program, or law that affects people’s lives
Community-level social work practice, also known as macro practice, promotes changes in practices, policies, and legislation
Social workers have worked for change at the organizational, community, national, and societal levels throughout the history of the profession
Initiated in response to:
Government incentives
Significant funding decreases
Large-scale social movement to address oppression
14% of social workers practice at the level
Social work ethics

5. Models of Change in Macro Practice

6. Community Organizing
Aimed at improving the quality of life in a specific geographic locale or neighborhood
Functional communities are groups that share commonalities such as ethnicity
Focus on raising awareness for action
Aimed at improving the quality of life in a specific geographic locale or neighborhood
Examples
Organizing for better housing
Organizing for better transportation
Functional communities are groups that share commonalities such as ethnicity, values, faith traditions, etc. Focus on identifying and raising awareness regarding need for action or change
Students organizing for students
Faith community organizing for immigrants & refugees

7. Community Development
Includes social, economic, and sustainable development approaches
Focus on interest-based communities to enhance the environment in which they live
Includes social, economic, and sustainable development approaches
Focus on interest-based communities to enhance the environment in which they live
Client system and change agent system are the same population
Examples
Neighborhood residents concerned about health care access
Addressing issues of refugee-owned businesses

8. Program Development
Need(s) may be identified at the micro level of practice
Need(s) may be identified at the micro level practice
Examples
Service expansion
Programming for pre-schoolers
Social workers may identify a need that is not being filled by existing services
Program development can include the expansion of existing services or the creation of new services
The role for the social worker may include discovering the need for a service, developing and implementing the service, advocating for the program, and facilitating the program

9. Social Planning
Aimed at policy-level or community-wide change to address a specific need within the community
Orchestrated by professionals, outside consultants, and influential decision makers
Aimed at policy-level or community-wide change to address a specific need within the community
Orchestrated by professionals, outside consultants, and influential decision makers
Examples
Neighborhood redevelopment
International social work education
Rural domestic violence services
Social planning is an intervention model in which change efforts are aimed at community or policy-level issues
Social planning is based on the belief that experts, who have access to empirical data and technical expertise, best orchestrate change
The social worker’s role may be as a member of a professional team involved in identifying issues, collecting data, analyzing policy, and planning a program to address needs

10. Coalition Building
Collaborative initiatives that unite groups around a common interest or goal
The concept of “strength in numbers” is the basis for coalition development
Coalitions are collaborative initiatives that unite such groups as agency professionals, client systems, governmental organizations, educational institutions, and legislative groups around a common interest or goal
The social worker may initiate the building of a coalition or participate as a member of a coalition

11. Social Action Aimed at addressing a social injustice
Advocacy on behalf of or with a group that does not have a strong voice within the decision-making process
Political and social action change efforts increase political pressure on decision-making processes so that oppressed groups receive equitable services, resources, and power
Social action is typically accomplished through lobbying or mobilizing
Lobbying involves directing resources toward the passage of legislation or election of favorable political candidates
Mobilizing focuses on long-term change efforts
Aimed at addressing a social injustice to increase political pressure on decision-making process so that the oppressed groups receive equitable services, resources, and power
Advocacy on behalf of or with a group that does not have a strong voice within the decision-making process
Organizational, community, governmental and legislative levels
Examples
Welfare reform
Political action

12. Practice Example: CLOUT

13. CLOUT Citizens of Louisville Organized and United Together
Organization of religious congregations and neighborhood groups working toward community empowerment and social justice
Grassroots, direction action, multi-issue organization
Major action each year

14. CLOUT Network Building

15. CLOUT Process
Listening
Problem I.D.
Research
Action

16. CLOUT Assembly – March 2009

17. At CLOUT’s 2011 Nehemiah Action Assembly, officials of the Jefferson Co. Public Schools committed to develop a comprehensive plan to deal with the problem of school bullying, to include an improved definition of bullying, required training for all school personnel, an enhanced tracking and reporting system, and evidence-based interventions.

18. Community Organizing and SW
Consider how the following skills and process were used in CLOUT’s efforts.

19. Skills for Organizational & Community Practice
Negotiation
Fund-raising
Collaboration
Organization
Advocacy
Analysis
Administration
Program planning
Evaluation
Supervision
Brokering: building collaborations, coalitions, networks, and partnerships
Enabling: organizing and coordinating the efforts of individuals and groups committed to a common issue or concern
Advocating: articulating the needs of a group to decision makers
Mobilizing: Fundraising, establishing programs, evaluating outcomes
Mediating: aiding opposing groups in establishing a common ground
Administration: overseeing program development, operations, budgets, and personnel

20. Planned Change Process: Macro
Engagement
Identify who can contribute to the change effort
Skills: active listening, negotiation, empathy, rapport- building
Assessment
Identify change target and assess if change is needed or possible
Consider strengths, attitudes, barriers

21. Planned Change Process
Intervention
Planning activities
Goal development – prioritizing needs
Carry out tasks

22. Planned Change Process
Evaluation
Ongoing and complex process
Review needs assessment and goals
Termination
May indicate success or failure of the change effort
Stabilization

23. Exercise
Macro practice with the Hmong of Merced

24. Companion Reading
The People’s Institute for Survival and Beyond:
Citizens of Louisville Organized and United Together:
Pyles, L Introduction. In Progressive community organizing (pp. 3–15). New York: Routledge.
Staples, L. Community Organizing and Planning Skills: &subarticlenbr=312