1. 7
CHAPTER

2. Policy Set of principles
Determines direction for activity and allocation of resources
Identifies prioritized group or organizational goals

3. Public Policy Policy made on behalf of the public
Developed/initiated by government
Interpreted/implemented by public and private bodies
Laws/statutes
Regulations
Executive orders
Court rulings

4. Policy Development Process
Process by which society makes decisions
Selects goals and best means for reaching them
Handles conflicting views
Allocates resources
Politics:
Policy development by those with a vested interest in its outcomes

5. Nursing Profession and Policy Development
Early leaders
Activism for social conditions
Support for women’s suffrage issues
Concern for health of population groups

6. Stages of Nursing Involvement
Marginal participation in political activity
Collective policy development
Coalition participation
Leadership in mobilizing others

7. Spheres of Nursing Influence
Workplace
Governmental policy arena
Professional organizations
Community

8. Community Health Nursing Roles (Refer to Table 7-2)
Citizen
Activist
Politician
Researcher

9. Types of Health Policies
Substantive policies
Dictate actions to be taken
Procedural policies
Determine how those actions will occur
Distributive policies
Allocates goods and services

10. Types of Health Policies (continued)
Regulatory policies
Restrict or constrain behaviors
Redistributive policies
Take goods and services away from some and give to others

11. Avenues for Health Policy Development
Legislation
Creates laws or statutes
Rules and Regulations
Orders that have the force of law
Deal with procedures to implement legislation

12. Avenues for Health Policy Development
A Typical Legislative Process
FIGURE A Typical Legislative Process.

13. Administrative Decisions
Made by individual or agencies under executive orders

14. Judicial decisions
Interpret laws in the court system

15. Nursing Involvement Assess policy situation
Plan and implement health policy
Evaluate effects of health policy development

16. Models of Policy Development
Rational or Rational-Comprehensive model
“Garbage Can” model
Kingdon’s Policy Stream model
Stage-Sequential model

17. Policy Development Agenda setting Issue identification Issue analysis
Consciousness raising regarding the issue

18. Plan Health Care Policy
Develop/evaluate alternative policy solutions
Delineate policy
Plan for strategies for policy adoption

19. Strategies for Creating Support
Stay informed and communicate with policy makers
Network
Build coalitions
Create media support
Organize community
Lobby and advocacy
Present testimony

20. Traditional Political Strategies
Vote
Campaign
Hold office

21. Health Policy Evaluation
Evaluate involvement of stakeholders’ policy development
Assess strategic management of policy development process

22. Criteria for Evaluating Health Policy
Adequacy in meeting health needs of public
Safeguards for the rights of individuals
Equitable allocation of resources
Capacity for implementation
Effects of the policy on target population

23. Resources
New Jersey Collaborating Center for Nursing - Nursing In Public And Health Policy The New Jersey Collaborating Center for Nursing is a primary source for data-based evidence to formulate reliable health policy that has a positive impact on nursing care, nursing education, and patient outcomes.  The Center serves as a catalyst for the implementation of innovative practice and education models.

24. Resources
National Student Nurse Association provides step by step guidelines to composing a resolution.
American Public Health Association (APHA) Policy Action Board outlines 2007 new Policy Process & Policy Review and Archiving Process Calendar.