1. Napoleon’s Empire

2. Directory
Appointed Napoleon to lead French army against Austria and Kingdom of Sardinia
Directory lost political power, Napoleon urged to seize power
Legislature dissolved directory, established group of three consuls
Coup d'état – sudden seizure of power
Second Coalition – Britain, Austria and Russia attempt to drive Nap from power
Due to war, all three signed peace treaty with France

3. Napoleon Rules France
Plebiscite – vote of the people to approve a new constitution
Gave all power to Napoleon as first consul
Nap supported laws to strengthen central govt, stabilize economy and equal taxation
Set up national bank and tax-collection system
Dismissed corrupt officials, set up lycees or govt-run public schools

4. Signed concordat (agreement) to restore position of church in France
Govt recognized influence of church but rejected church control of national affairs
Napoleonic Code
System of laws, limited liberty and promoted order and authority over individual rights
Restricted freedom of speech and press and restored slavery in Caribbean

5. Napoleon Becomes Emperor
Wanted reassert France as world power
Sold Louisiana Territory to US for $15 million
Third Coalition -Britain, Russia, Austria and Sweden
Battle of Trafalgar – only major battle loss
Destruction of French fleet assured British navy’s supremacy for years and forced Nap to give up plan for invading Britain

6. Three Costly Mistakes Blockade – forcible closing of ports
Continental System
Prevent all trade and communication b/w G.B. and other nations
Intended to destroy Britain's commercial and industrial economy
British navy stopped ships bound for continent and forced to be searched and taxed

7. Second Mistake Peninsular war Nationalism spread in Europe
B/c Portugal ignored Continental System, he sent army to invade
Guerrillas (peasant fighters) were difficult for Nap to defeat b/c would ambush and then flee
British aided rebel fighters
Nationalism spread in Europe

8. Invasion of Russia
1810- Czar Alexander I does not support Continental System and wants war with France
Napoleon invades Russia
Scorched-earth policy - Russians burn Moscow so French troops have no place to stay during winter
French troops have no winter supplies

9. Napoleon’s Downfall
Fourth Coalition – defeated Nap and he gave up his throne and accepted terms of surrender
Banished Nap to Elba, tiny island off Italian coast but escaped when hearing of trouble
His forces were defeated at Waterloo; British led by Duke Wellington
100 Days - sent to island of St. Helena

10. Congress of Vienna Three Goals
Prevent future French aggression by surrounding France with stronger countries
Restore balance of power so no country would be threat to another
Restore Europe’s royal families to thrones before Napoleon

11. Changes beyond Vienna
Concert of Europe – assured nations would help one another a revolution broke out
Revolutions in Latin America
Clash of conservatives, liberals and radicals
Revolts against King Ferdinand of Spain broke out in Spanish America
King tightened control, causing Mexican revolt
European and Latin American countries saw democracy as best way for equality and justice for people

12. Quiz
1. What country was involved in all 4 coalitions to remove France from power?
2. Why would Napoleonic Code restrict freedom of speech and press?
3. Why did Napoleon give up trying to invade Britain?
4. Why was a peninsular war tough for Napoleon?
5. Where was Napoleons final defeat before he was sent away for good?

13. 1. Austria
2. To prevent anyone speaking out against Napoleon or France
3. Destruction of the French fleet
4. Guerrillas ambushing and then fleeing
5. Waterloo