1. Bone Injuries

2. Fractures – a partial or complete break in the bone
Causes of fractures:
Direct impact
Compression
Indirect impact
Torsion
Diseases
It is common for injury to occur to neighboring tissue

3. Signs & Symptoms Pain Deformity Swelling Bruising Numbness/Tingling
Pale or cold skin
Crepitation (rattling sound)

4. Types of Fractures Simple Fracture (closed) Compound Fracture (Open)
Fracture of any type that doesn’t break the skin
Compound Fracture (Open)
Complete break in bone in which the bone breaks the skin

5. Avulsion fracture – part of bone breaks off where tendon/ligament attach

6. Greenstick Fracture – incomplete break in a long bone (typically when bone is partially bent)
Common in children because bones are more pliable

7. Comminuted Fracture – bone shatters in 3 or more pieces
Common in contact sports

8. Stress Fracture – caused when the bone is stressed from:
Overuse, poor muscle balance, lack of flexibility, weak ligaments
Stress on bone is greater than its ability to compensate
Bone gradually deteriorates
Common in lower leg and foot

9. Epiphyseal Plate Fracture (Growth Plate)
Fracture at the growth plate
Only in growing kids
Common in wrist and ankle

10. Impacted Fracture
A bone fragment is embedded into another bone fragment

11. Longitudinal fracture – splits or cracks lengthwise
Ex: Hard landing after a jump

12. Spiral Fracture – break is S shaped
Common in basketball b/c player plants foot and twists body

13. Blowout fracture – break in the floor of orbital socket – direct blow to eye

14. Treatment (what you can do)
If compound – Control bleeding
Put person in most comfortable position
Seek Medical Attention (Get them to doctor or call 9-1-1)
Immobilize injury (splint)
Will decrease pain
Prevent further injury

15. Elevate (only if is doesn’t cause further pain) Ice
Monitor Vital Signs
Especially blood circulation

16. Treatment (What doctors do)
Bones heal naturally
Determine if bone is in place
If in place – put in cast and let heal
If it isn’t in place
Set it, sometimes requires surgery
Healing time average 4 weeks