1. The Skeletal System
Unit 3

2. Do Now Which number identifies the scapula?
What bone/s is/are indicated by number 15?
Which number indicates the tibia?
What bone/s is/are indicated by number 18?
Which number indicates the calcaneus?
What bone/s is/are indicated by number 23?

3. Bone BINGO

4. Bill Nye Bones

5. Bone Growth
Epiphyseal plates allow for growth of long bone during childhood
New cartilage is continuously formed
Older cartilage becomes ossified (ossification)
Cartilage is broken down
Bone replaces cartilage
Bones are remodeled and lengthened until growth stops
Bones change shape somewhat
Bones grow in width

6. Long Bone Formation and Growth
Figure 5.4a

7. Bone Fractures A break in a bone Types of bone fractures
Closed (simple) fracture – break that does not penetrate the skin
Open (compound) fracture – broken bone penetrates through the skin

8. Common Types of Fractures
Table 5.2

9. Repair of Bone Fractures
Hematoma (blood-filled swelling) is formed
Break is splinted by fibrocartilage to form a callus
Fibrocartilage callus is replaced by a bony callus
Bony callus is remodeled to form a permanent patch

10. Stages in the Healing of a Bone Fracture
Figure 5.5

11. No Bones About It
Joints: Bones are connected to other bones at joints.
Functions:
Hold bones together
Allow for mobility
Classification:
Fibrous joints- Usually immovable
Cartilaginous joints- Immovable or slightly moveable
Synovial joints- Freely moveable

12. Fibrous Joints Bones united by fibrous tissue Examples
Sutures – very little movement
Syndesmoses
Allows more movement than sutures
Example: distal end of tibia and fibula
Figure 5.27a–b

13. Cartilaginous Joints Bones connected by cartilage Examples
Pubic symphysis
Intervertebral joints
Figure 5.27d–e

14. Synovial Joints Connecting bones are separated by a joint cavity
Synovial fluid is found in the joint cavity
Figure 5.24f–h

15. Types of Synovial Joints Based on Shape
Figure 5.29a–c

16. Types of Synovial Joints Based on Shape
Figure 5.29d–f

17. Joints There are many different types of joints, including:
fixed joints (such as in the skull, which consists of many bones)
hinged joints (such as in the fingers and toes), and
ball-and-socket joints (such as the shoulders and hips).

18. Inflammatory Conditions Associated with Joints
Bursitis – inflammation of a bursa usually caused by a blow or friction
Tendonitis – inflammation of tendon sheaths
Arthritis – inflammatory or degenerative diseases of joints
Over 100 different types
The most widespread crippling disease in the United States

19. Clinical Forms of Arthritis
Osteoarthritis
Most common chronic arthritis
Probably related to normal aging processes
Rheumatoid arthritis
An autoimmune disease – the immune system attacks the joints
Symptoms begin with bilateral inflammation of certain joints
Often leads to deformities
Gouty Arthritis
Inflammation of joints is caused by a deposition of urate crystals from the blood
Can usually be controlled with diet

20. Do you have any skeletons in your closet?
How many bones have you broken and which ones?
How long did it/they take to heal?