1. Chapter 2.2 “Learning to Farm & Raise Animals” Section 1: “Beginnings of Agriculture”
Farming began around the world in 8,000 BC
Due the retreat of the glaciers, new lands opened up
Humans learned to domesticate plants and animals (farming)
The first domesticated animals were sheep & goats
Agricultural Revolution is the shift from food gathering to food production
Slash & burn agriculture cleared areas quickly but left poor soil over time

2. Section 2: “Settlements Begin”
Improved tools led to better farmers
Better farming led to development of settlements
Villages started in river valleys
Their rich soil produced bigger, better crops
Farming communities depended on fresh water sources
Advantages: more food, protection against attacks
Disadvantages: fire, disease, & floods

3. Section 3: “Farming Develops in Many Places”
Early advances in farming were irrigation & terracing
African farmers along the Nile River were the first to use irrigation
They built dikes (barriers) and canals (ditches) to bring water to crops
Americas’ farming techniques included terracing the land
This created flat areas of farmland for raising crops on hillsides
Farming development led to a great increase in human population

4. Section 3: “Farming Develops in Many Places”