1. Sau. Nagare Vandana Chandrakant
GENERAL SCIENCE UNIT-DISEASES SUB UNITS- 1] CHOLERA 2] AIDS ] ENTERITIS 4]CHICKENPOX
Std – 8th Div – D
GURUKUL
S.R.V.S.K.V.SHRIGONDA
Sau. Nagare Vandana Chandrakant
B.Sc.M.A.M.Ed.D.S.M.
Assistant Teacher

2. CHOLERA

3. epidemic disease- CHOLERA-
1.Mode of infection- ZME -
This disease spreds through water or food Contaminted due to houseflies .
2.Symptoms-
1. Severe diarrhea and vomiting CONTAMINATED WATER
2. Dehydration.
3. Dry skin, sunken eyes.
4. Stomachache
5.Crmps in the legs.

4. Cholera HISTORY- cholera is an infection of the small intestine by some strains of the bacterium Vibrio cholerae.[1] Symptoms may range from none, to mild, to severe.[2] The classic symptom is large amounts of watery diarrhea that lasts a few days.[3] Vomiting and muscle cramps may also occur.[2] Diarrhea can be so severe that it leads within hours to severe dehydration and electrolyte imbalance.[3] This may result in sunken eyes, cold skin, decreased skin elasticity, and wrinkling of the hands and feet.[4] The dehydration may result in the skin turning bluish.[5] Symptoms start two hours to five days after exposure.[2] Cholera is caused by a number of types of Vibrio cholerae, with some types producing more severe disease than others. It is spread mostly by water and food that has been contaminated with human feces containing the bacteria.[3] Insufficiently cooked seafood is a common source.[6] Humans are the only animal affected. Risk factors for the disease include poor sanitation, not enough clean drinking water, and poverty. There are concerns that rising sea levels will increase rates of disease. Cholera can be diagnosed by a stool test.[3] A rapid dipstick test is available but is not as accurate.[7] Prevention involves improved sanitation and access to clean water.[4] Cholera vaccines that are given by mouth provide reasonable protection for about six months. They have the added benefit of protecting against another type of diarrhea caused by E. coli. The primary treatment is oral rehydration therapy—the replacement of fluids with slightly sweet and salty solutions.[3] Rice-based solutions are preferred.[3] Zinc supplementation is useful in children.[8] In severe cases, intravenous fluids, such as Ringer's lactate, may be required, and antibiotics may be beneficial. Testing to see what antibiotic the cholera is susceptible to can help guide the choice.[2]

5. CONTAMINATED WATER SHUTTERSTOCK
BACTERIA
CHOLERA PATIENT

6. 3.Preventive measures and treatment-
Maintaining hygiene in public places.
Controlling houseflies.
Not eating food left uncovered.
Drinking boiled water.
Taking the cholera vaccine.
The Health Department has made it obligatory to take
the cholera before going to places of pilgrimage or travelling a
broad. Human beings themselves are carries of the ‘vibrato cholera’ bacteria which cause this disease.
TERRAMYOIN
SOLUBLE POWDER

7. PREVENTIVE MEASURES

10. AIDS- (Acquired Immuno- Defiency Syndrome)
In 1986 ,it became clear that the Virus discovered by Dr.Monteniere in Frence and Dr.Gallo in America were of the samekind . It was named the Human Immno-defiency Virus or HIV. Infection by the HIV virus cause AIDS . When someone gets AIDS ,they lose their ability to fight disease. So ,they contract diseases frequently.Howover, treatment can extend an ADIS affected person’s life considerably We must not shun people with AIDS. In fact, we should extend a helping hand to them .

11. AIDS HISTORY HIV is transmitted primarily via unprotected sexual intercourse (including anal and oral sex), contaminated blood transfusions, hypodermic needles, and from mother to child during pregnancy, delivery, or breastfeeding.[5] Some bodily fluids, such as saliva and tears, do not transmit HIV.[6] Common methods of HIV/AIDS prevention include encouraging and practicing safe sex, needle-exchange programs, and treating those who are infected.[7] There is no cure or vaccine; however, antiretroviral treatment can slow the course of the disease and may lead to a near-normal life expectancy. While antiretroviral treatment reduces the risk of death and complications from the disease, these medications are expensive and have side effects. Without treatment, the average survival time after infection with HIV is estimated to be 9 to 11 years, depending on the HIV subtype.[8] Since its discovery, AIDS has caused an estimated 36 million deaths worldwide (as of 2012).[9] In 2013 it resulted in about 1.34 million deaths.[10] As of 2012, approximately 35.3 million people are living with HIV globally.[9] HIV/AIDS is considered a pandemic—a disease outbreak which is present over a large area and is actively spreading.[11] Genetic research indicates that HIV originated in west-central Africa during the late 19th or early 20th century.[12] AIDS was first recognized by the United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) in 1981 and its cause—HIV infection—was identified in the early part of the decade.[13]

13. In 1986 WHO strated the worldwide AIDS Controll Programme
In 1986 WHO strated the worldwide AIDS Controll Programme In 1987, the National AIDS Controll Programme was started in India Through WHO, excellent medicines are available in government hospitals free of cost.

15. TREATMENT -T
CDC.-

16. AIDS PROGRAMME-

17. ENTERITIS

18. Epidemic disease- ENTERITIS
The inflammation of the inner lining of the intestine due to infection by bacteria,virus, worms or by chemical or harmful substances is called ‘enteritis’. ‘enteron’ means ‘intestines’ and ‘-ASOTION’ means inflammation .
1. Mode of infection –
This disease spreads through contaminted food and water.

19. 2.Symptoms- 1. Stomachache. 2.Fever. 3.Vomiting. 4.Loss of appetite. 5.Diarrhoea. 6.Loss of weight. 3.Preventive measures and treatment- 1.Consume only safe food and water. 2.Maintain personal cleanliness. 3.Keep food covered.

21. CHICKENPOX- 1.Mode of infection- A person gets chickenpox when the disease producing virus enters the body with the air that is breathed in ,or by contact with an infected person, or by using the infected person’s cloths, utensils ,etc. 2. Symptoms High fever. 2.Headache Small boils on the skin They look like blisters. Scabs form on them in a few days . 3.Preventive measures & treatments-Proper medical treatment A person does not generally get chickenpox a second time. The resistance acquired the first time is life long.