1. THE MIDDLE
PASSAGE

2. A typical cargo included:
A Typical Slave Ship, at port in London’s East India docks – getting ready for the next slave run.
A typical cargo included:
IRON BARS
COWRIE SHELLS

3. THE TRIANGULAR SLAVE TRADE
CHEAP MANUFACTURED GOODS
THE TRIANGULAR SLAVE TRADE
Trinkets – pots, pans, beads, shells, cloth
SLAVES WERE USED ON PLANTATIONS, GROWING SUGAR, TOBACCO, COTTON.
THIRD STAGE – RAW MATERIALS SENT TO EUROPE
Profits from slave sales were used to buy produce from the plantations eg. sugar, tobacco, cotton, which were sold for great profit in Europe.
Cheap trinkets exchanged for slaves
FIRST STAGE – EUROPE TO AFRICA
U.S.A.
TRIBAL CHIEFS EXCHANGE SLAVES , OR SLAVES ARE CAPTURED
Mexico
Caribbean Islands
SECOND STAGE - THE MIDDLE PASSAGE
SLAVE TRADERS THEN SOLD THE SLAVES TO PLANTATION OWNERS
Brazil
THE ‘MIDDLE PASSAGE’ – THE JOURNEY ACROSS THE ATLANTIC..
THE WORLD AROUND 1750

4. Slave Raid

5. March to the Coast

7. Slave Fort

8. Slaves being rowed to a newly arrived slaving ship off the Guinea coast – note the trading fort in the background.
Cross-section of a slave embarkation canoe.

9. Boarding the ship and being chained and then being sent down to the slave decks.

10. Tight Pack - Loose Pack
This model [right] and the charts were used by slave reformers at the end of the 18th century, to show how a Liverpool slave ship of 320 tons could carry 400 slaves. On one voyage the ship carried 609 slaves.

11. HUMAN CARGOES
A successful slave voyage could expect a loss rate of 1 in 20 slaves. A bad run might suffer losses as high as 1 in 3, mainly due to disease.
The space between the deck shelves could vary from 72 cm.to 1 m.

13. Slaves were fed twice a day.
Male slaves were chained, women and children usually went unshackled.

14. Slaves were brought up on to the top deck to be‘exercised’ or ‘danced’ usually once a day. This was usually at the point of a whip. This was the most dangerous time for the ship’s crew when the slaves had an opportunity to rebel. A loaded cannon was always kept ready with a lighted match.

15. REBELLION!
REBELLION!
Rebellion was the greatest danger feared by the slave merchants. Slaves being exercised on deck were always guarded by a cannon with a lighted match ready.

16. Punishments Punishments Thrown Overboard Beatings
Diseased and rebellious slaves were often thrown overboard.
Thrown
Overboard
Beatings

17. ARRIVAL

18. SLAVES FOR SALE

19. The Slave Market...

20. The Physical Check-up Slaves were regarded as beasts of
burden, and were treated as such.
Before the sales took place slave
masters would check the new batch
of slaves for their physical condition.
They would use the same methods as
if checking oxen, horses or cows -
muscle structure, teeth, eyes, skin
condition, looking for any flaws
[wondering whether they could gain a
good price in the

21. ... and Auction (bidding) Sales ... and Auction Auctioneer Gavel
Slaves
Plantation Owners

22. TO THE PLANTATION ...

24. Effects of the Slave Trade
European port towns, such as, Bristol and Liverpool, largely grew up on the slave trade
New social habits like the drinking of tea and coffee, smoking tobacco and eating chocolate, were introduced into Europe.
Slave owners became immensely rich. One result of this personal wealth was the building of many impressive mansion houses

27. Empire Building ....
Rivalries began between European countries for control of the rich slave areas in the Americas’, Africa and Asia, this led to many colonial wars and the growth of empires