1. OXIDATION REACTION
Indah Purnama Sary

2. Function & Application in Biology and Pharmacy??
Oxidation reaction
What??
How ??
Function & Application in Biology and Pharmacy??
FGs undergo ??

3. WHAT
Oxidation: increasing the oxygen content or decreasing the hydrogen content of an organic molecule
A general symbol for oxidation is [O]
Oxidation can also be defined as a reaction that increases the content of any element more electronegative than carbon

4. Oxidation States in Carbon
Similar to formal charges
Calculate oxidation states of C by:
-1 = a bond to H/less electronegative
+1= a bond to O, N, F, Cl, Br
0 = a bond to C
Example:
Assign oxidation states to the carbon atoms of methanol (CH3OH), formaldehyde (HCHO), and formic acid (HCO2H), carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4)and arrange these compounds in order of increasing oxidation state

6. Oxidation Level nn

7. Determine oxidation level for each carbon in compounds above

8. Mechanism of Chromate Oxidation
Also called Jones oxidation
convert 2°Alcohol to Ketone

9. Mechanism of Chromate Oxidation
Step 1: A chromate ester is formed from the alcohol hydroxyl
Step 2: An elimination reaction occurs by removal of a hydrogen atom from the alcohol carbon and departure of the chromium group with a pair of electrons

10. What about 1° Alcohol ?

12. Hydroboration: Synthesis of Alkylboranes
Alcohols from Alkenes through Hydroboration-Oxidation: Anti-Markovnikov Syn Hydration
The reaction leads to syn and anti-Markovnikov addition of water to alkenes
Hydroboration: Synthesis of Alkylboranes
The elements of hydrogen and boron are added across the double bond
In practice, a borane complex with the solvent tetrahydrofuran (THF) is often used

13. Boron becomes attached to the least substituted carbon of the double bond
The boron and hydride
add with syn stereochemistry

14. Oxidation and Hydrolysis of Alkylboranes
Oxidation and hydrolysis to the alcohol takes place with retention of stereochemistry at the carbon bonded to boron