1. Oppositional Defiant Disorder

2. DSM-5 Definition of ODD

3. Onset & Gender differences
Age of onset is typically 12 to 13 years of age
There are early diagnosis of 2 to 5 years of age
According to DSM-IV-TR “ the age of onset is usually evident prior to age 8 and not later than early adolescence”
According to Christensen, Baker & Blacher (2013) 50% of youth continue to meet the criteria of ODD 4 years later-indicating a stable disorder
There are significant gender differences in teacher reports-where ODD is more prevalent in boys
However, most researchers have not found any gender differences
Take into consideration how boys behave in a classroom setting vs. how girls behave
Christensen, Baker & Blacher (2013)

4. Comorbidity
40% of children with ADHD meet criteria for ODD and vice versa (Christensen, Baker & Blacher, 2013)
Children with ODD are at a greater risk of developing conduct disorder and antisocial personality disorder (Hamilton & Armando, 2008)
Conduct disorder is being aggressive and defiant towards authorities-can lead to criminal activities
How does Antisocial personality disorder differ from identifying as an introvert?
Table 3 found on page 589 in article: Riley, M., Ahmed, S., & Locke, A. (2016). Common questions about oppositional defiant disorder. American Family Physician, 93(7),

5. Treatment Both child and parent should attend therapy
Multisystemic therapy such as community based interventions in multiple real life settings (home, school)
Collaborative problem solving therapy
50% of children no longer met ODD criteria after 6 months (Dickstein, 2010)
Cognitive Behavior Therapy
According to Dickstein (2010) this type of therapy is the most effect and cost effective for improving child conduct, parental mental health and parenting skills
Group CBT for kids demonstrated a decrease in aggressive behaviors
Parental management therapy
Parent training on how to respond to their child’s behavior
Child therapy: develop problem-solving skills and strategies with the child

6. Treatment continued…
If ODD is co-existing with ADHD, stimulant therapy can reduce symptoms of both disorders
Such as Ritalin, Adderall and Strattera
Studies have not demonstrated that stimulants reduce symptoms of ODD when ADHD is absent (Hamilton & Armando, 2008)
According to Riley, Ahmed & Locke (2016, p. 590), 70% of people with Oppositional Defiant Disorder had symptom resolution by 18 years of age

7. Teacher Strategies
Remember: the more controlling the adult appears to be, the more oppositional the student becomes
Remain cool, cam and collected
Diminish the power struggle: be firm and consistent
Have a structured classroom
Give simple directives and give choice
State pre-determined consequences clearly before problems occur
Identify the expected behavior
Clearly state the consequences of non-compliant behavior
Walk-away before situation gets “heated”
Discuss problem with student in private
Seat the student near a good role mode
Use visual cues for rules in the classroom

8. Teacher strategies continued
Other tips:
Strategies for Learning and Teaching: behavioural-problems/opposition-defiant-disorders/tips-learni
Strategies to working with students with ODD: %20to%20Work%20with%20Students%20with%20Oppositional%20Defiant.pdf
Oppositional Defiant Disorder in children and tips for teachers:
School wide strategies for managing defiance/non-compliance: strategies-managing-defiance-non-complianc

9. References
Christensen, L., Baker, L. B., & Blacher, J. (2013). Oppositional defiant disorder in children with intellectual disabilities. Journal of Mental Health Research in Intellectual Disabilities, 5,
Dickstein D. P. (2010). Oppositional defiant disorder. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescence Psychiatry, 49(5),
DSM-5 ODD: 3/basc3resources/DSM5_DiagnosticCriteria_OppositionalDefiantDisorder.pdf
Hamilton, S. S. & Armando, J. (2008). Oppositional defiant disorder. American Family Physician, 78(7),
Riley, M., Ahmed, S., & Locke, A. (2016). Common questions about oppositional defiant disorder. American Family Physician, 93(7),
Woolsey-Terrazas & Chavez (2002). Strategies to work with students with oppositional defiant disorder. CEC Today, 8(7), 23-24