1. Social Pathology

2. Behavioral problems in school aged children: 1
Behavioral problems in school aged children: 1. Antisocial Problems: As stealing, lying, gambling, cruelty, sexual offences, and destructiveness. 2.Habit Disorders: As Thumb sucking, nail biting, bed wetting, and masturbation. 3.Educational Difficulties: As Backwardness in studies, school phobia, and school failures etc.

3. Behavioral problems in school aged children: 3
Behavioral problems in school aged children: 3.Personality Disorders: As Jealousy, temper-tantrums, timidity, shyness, day-dreaming, fears and anxieties, unsociability, hysteria Psychosomatic complaints: As Tremors, headache, asthma, depression, delusion, and hallucination.

4. Juvenile Delinquency: Definition: A deviant is one who shows deviation from normal behavior. Delinquency is not merely "juvenile crime", but it embraces all deviations from normal youthful behavior. (from unaccepted table manner to murder) Incidence: It is estimated that 2% of children (age 7-17 years) in USA attend juvenile courts, and boys 4-5 X more than girls.

5. Causes of Juvenile Delinquency: 1
Causes of Juvenile Delinquency: 1.Biological causes: As hereditary defects, feeble-minded, physical defects, and glandular imbalance. Extra Y chromosomes XYY. 2.Social causes: As broken homes (death of parents, separation of parents, step mothers) and disturbed home condition (poverty, alcoholism, parental neglect, many children). 3.Other Causes: As sex-thrillers, urbanization, cinemas/ TV/ satellite/ and internet, slum-dwelling, in addition to mobiles.

6. Preventive Measures of Juvenile Delinquency: 1
Preventive Measures of Juvenile Delinquency: 1. Improvement of Family Life : The first and most important step. 2. Schooling: Comes next to home and they should be in connection. 3. Social welfare services: These includes recreation facilities, parent-counseling, child guidance, educational facilities and adequate general health services.

7. Battered Baby Syndrome: Definition: “A clinical condition in young children , who have received non-accidental wholly inexcusable violence or injury, on one or more occasions , including minimal as well as severe fatal trauma, for what is often the most trivial provocation, by the hand of an adult in a position of trust, generally a parent, guardian or foster parent. In addition to physical injury, there may be a deprivation of nutrition, care and affection in circumstances which indicate that such deprivation is not accidental".

8. Battered Baby Syndrome: -This syndrome has been found in all social strata. -The incidence is not well established. -The most worrying sequels is mental and neurological complications % of cases of cerebral palsy, 20-30% of mentally retarted children may be the results of “Battered Baby Syndrome”. Prevention: Mainly through child protective agencies.

9. Battered wife syndrome Battered spouse syndrome All these are parts of general global violence that characterized human in modern ages.

10. Child Abuse: Includes physical violence, sexual abuse, mental and emotional maltreatment, neglect, deprivation and lack of opportunity.

11. Contributory factors for child abuse: 1. Poverty. 2
Contributory factors for child abuse: 1. Poverty. 2. Alcoholism and other drug abuse. 3. Loneliness. 4. Immaturity and other host factors. 5. Many other important causes are embedded in family and its function in rearing of children. Incidence: Ranges about 1 million cases of child abuse, i.e. about 2% of children.

12. Suggested remedial measures: 1. Increased legal help. 2
Suggested remedial measures: 1. Increased legal help. 2. More case workers. 3. Educating young couples to not have child until they become mature enough to rear children. 4. Attempts to strengthen the individual and his family. 5. Supportive home visitors are found to be very effective in preventing child abuse in families considered to be risky in this issue. *The problem of child abuse is complex one, and reflects merely one facet of the larger issue of violence in the home and in modern society at large.

13. Street Children: A large no
Street Children: A large no. of children live and work on the streets, a high proportion without any family support, particularly in the mega cities of the developing world. Street children are at high risk of : 1. Malnutrition and subsequent stunting of their growth. 2. Infectious diseases as T.B., STDs including HIV. 3. Skin diseases. 4. Drug abuse. 5. Prostitution. 6. Criminal exploitation.

14. Causes: 1. Major losses in family members. 2
Causes: 1. Major losses in family members. 2. Natural and man-made disasters. 3. Bye-product of wars and riots. 4. Poverty. 5. Rapid urbanization and industrialization. Incidence: A bout 100 millions around the world, - 40 millions in Latin America millions in Asia millions in Africa millions in other areas and the developed world.

15. Control of street children: 1
Control of street children: 1.The rehabilitation by the government and non-government voluntary agencies. 2. Counseling centers should be established for them. 3. They should be provided with free school facilities. 4. Job opportunity is another way in helping them.

16. Child Labor: Causes: 1. Poverty. 2. Unemployment. 3. Lack of education
Child Labor: Causes: 1. Poverty. 2. Unemployment. 3. Lack of education. Incidence: - According to surveys of ILO (International Labor Organization), over 79 millions children under age of 15 years were obliged to work, sometimes as young as years in paid employment. 70% of those children are in Asia and Africa.

17. It is impossible now to eliminate the problem through legislation, but the legislation can regulate this problem by regulating the condition of work in order to prevent those child from abuse and deviance.

18. Child Marriage: - In India, before 1951 (no legislation), the average age of marriage was 13 years. - In 1978 Legislation established, reached, 15 years, and in 1991, the average age of marriage reached 19 years. - This is a good example of how legislation can manage certain health problems at community level.

19. Child Guidance Clinic: The first child guidance clinic was started in Chicago in 1909 and ever since, they have grow in no. and complexity all over the world. It is a team work job, comprising; a psychiatrist, clinical psychologist, educational psychologist, psychiatric social worker, public health nurse, pediatrician, speech therapist, occupational therapist and neurologist.

20. Prostitution: Is an age-old social evil
Prostitution: Is an age-old social evil. It is a social problem in most urban areas, and to a lesser extent in rural areas. Health effect of prostitution: 1. STD ( specially HIV/AIDS). 2. Illegitimate babies. 3. Breakdown families.

21. Underlying causes: 1. Changes in environment. 2
Underlying causes: 1. Changes in environment. 2. Breakdown of family relations. 3. Parental quarrels. 4. Want of affection. 5. Illegitimate love. 6. Easy money. 7. Low I.Q. 8. Low moral standards. 9. Poverty etc.

22. Dowry system: It is an innocent custom, a symbol of love from parents to their daughters on the eve of her marriage. But in recent years it has grown into a social evil with many instances of bride-burning and suicides. These are symptoms of societal corruption.

23. Drug Addiction: Definition: It is a state of periodic or chronic intoxication detrimental to the individual and society produced by repeated intake of habit-forming drug. " Drug culture" is fast making inroads into lives of young people from all walks of life.

24. To call a person a drug addict, the following criteria must be satisfied: 1. Psychological dependence: there is an overpowering desire (compulsion) to take the drug and obtain it by any means. 2. Physical dependence: when the drug is withdrawn, the patient shows " withdrawal symptoms" as violent behavior, nausea vomiting, watering of eyes and noise. 3. Development of tolerance: there is a tendency to increase the dose.

25. Treatment: 1. Medical treatment. 2. Change in environment. 3
Treatment: 1. Medical treatment. 2. Change in environment. 3. Complete break between the patient and his group. 4. Psychotherapy. 5. Prevention through education for target population and general public through all media.

26. Handicapped: 1. The blind. 2. The deaf. 3
Handicapped: 1. The blind. 2. The deaf. 3. The orthopedically handicapped. 4. The leprosy affected. 5. The mentally retarded. 6. The emotionally and socially handicapped.

27. Labeling: - In sociology is equal to diagnosis in medicine
Labeling: - In sociology is equal to diagnosis in medicine. - People behavior is altered or reinforced by labeling. - Be careful in labeling because you are making a decision about a person. - It is unlikely to be a cause for certain condition. - It is a major factor in mental illnesses.

28. Stigma: - It is visible bodily sign which set a person a part from others as dwarf. - It is abnormal personal characteristic as alcoholism. - It may be tribal as race, nationality and religion. - Stigmatized person is different from others, and often in some way inferior or unacceptable. - Stigma is culturally defined