1. Biology chapter 5 section 2
Cell Structure
Biology chapter 5 section 2

2. Objectives
Understand the structure and function of: nucleus, mitochondrion, chloroplast, lysosome, ER, Golgi body, vesicle, vacuole
Understand the relationship of the functions of ribosomes, ER, and Golgi body
Compare/contrast prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells

3. Cell Types There are two groups we put cells into:
Prokaryotic: Cells do not have special membrane-bound structures (organelles) in them
Eukaryotic: Cells have membrane-bound structures (organelles)

4. Prokaryotic Cell No special membrane -bound cell structures
Belong to Domain Archaea or Domain Bacteria
Example: bacteria

5. Eukaryotic Cell
Cells have special structures like mitochondria, Golgi bodies and other membrane- bound organelles
Belong to Domain Eukarya
Example: animal cell, fungal cell, plant cell

6. Organelles Small structures moving around in cytoplasm
Organelles do jobs for the cell, like processing energy, storage and moving materials
Only eukaryotes have organelles

7. Manufacturing Organelles
Ribosomes: this is where the chemical reactions that make proteins for the cell take place.
Ribosome translates the DNA code into the primary protein structure
All cells have ribosomes.

8. Processing, Transporting
Endoplasmic reticulum: a long tube extending from the nucleus toward the cell membrane
Cell materials like proteins and carbohydrates are processed (changed) here and moved around.
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9. Golgi Bodies
An area close to the ER where cell materials are sorted and put into membrane- bound packages
Video (Bozeman)

10. Mitochondrion Eukaryotic cells have these organelles.
The mitochondrion takes glucose and breaks it down in a process called cellular (aerobic) respiration.
The mitochondrion releases energy from glucose for the cell to use.
Mitochondria have their own ribosomes and DNA
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11. Nucleus The nucleus controls cellular activities of eukaryotes
The nucleus is surrounded by a membrane with openings called pores
Inside the nucleus, the cell has DNA and RNA, which contain instructions and hereditary material

12. Energy Processing Organelles
Chloroplasts: green organelles in producers. This is where photosynthesis takes place.
Mitochondria: used by the cell to release energy stored in glucose. More active cells have more mitochondria.

13. Chloroplast
Captures light energy and uses carbon dioxide and water to make glucose, which stores energy for the cell.

14. Storing Organelles Vacuoles are like little bags inside the cytoplasm.
The cell stores different materials in different vacuoles.

15. Recycling Organelles
Lysosomes contain chemicals that break down worn-out cell parts.
The lysosome may release its chemicals into a vacuole where used parts are being stored.

16. Cell Wall
A tough, rigid outer covering to protect and support the cell
Found in plants, algae and most bacteria
Plant cell walls are made of cellulose, pectin and lignin
Water and dissolved substances can move through the cell wall

17. All cell parts need to work together!

18. All cell parts need to work together!

19. All cell parts need to work together!