1. Learning C Language

2. Deep C

3. HISTORY OF PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE
Machine Language
Assembly Language
High Level Language

4. Language Translators
Compiler
Interpreter

5. C Language

6. INTRODUCTION TO C LANGUAGE
What is C ?
C is Programming Language
C is a General Purpose Programming language
C is a Procedure Oriented Language
C is a Structured Language
C is a Middle Level Language
C is a Superset Language of all the Programming Language

7. HISTORY OF C LANGUAGE ALGOL 60 DROWBACKS/SHORTCOMMINGS
(BY AN INTERNATIONAL COMMITTEE, 1960)
IT WAS TOO ABSTRACT & TOO GENERAL
CPL
HARD TO LEARN & DIFFICULT TO IMPLEMENT
(BY CAMBRIDGE & LONDON UNIVERSITY, 1963)
BCPL
TOO LESS POWERFULL & TOO LESS SPECIFIC
(MARTIN RICHARDS AT CAMBRIDGEUNIVERSITY, 1967 ) B
MACHINE DEPENDENT & TYPELESS
(KEN THOMSON AT BELL LABS, 1970) C
(DENNIS RITCHE AT BELL LABS, 1972

8. IMPORTANCE OF C LANGUAGE
FLEXIBILITY
POWERFULL
SMALL SIZE
MODULAR DESIGN
PORTABILITY
HIGH LEVEL STRUCTURED LANGUAGE FEATURES
LOW LEVEL FEATURES
USE OF POINTERS
EASY TO LEARN
EASY TO DEBUG
EFFICIENCY ( EASY TO EXECUTE )
EASY TO USE
RELIABLE

9. WRITING & EXECUTING A C PROGRAM
.EXE FILE
CREATING A SOURCE CODE
COMPILING THE SOURCE CODE
LINKING THE SOURCE CODE
RUNNING THE EXECUTABLE CODE
.OBJ FILE
OBJECT CODE
EXECUTABLE CODE
WRITTEN C PROGRAM
PRE-PROSSED CODE
LINKER
EDITOR
PRE
PROCESSOR
COMPILER
COMPILATION
Linking

10. Fig: Flowchart of execution of c programme YES
START
WRITTEN C CODE
TYPE THE PROGRAM
SOURCE PROGRAMME
FILE.C
COMPILER SOURCE CODE
EDIT PROGRAMME NO
SYNTAX
ERROR
OBJECT PROGRAMME
FILE.OBJ
LIBRARY + OBJECT PROGRAMME
LINK THE PROGRAM
EXECUTABLE
CODE
FILE.EXE
CORRECT
I/O
DATA
EXECUTE NO
LOGICAL
ERROR
Fig: Flowchart of execution of c programme
YES
STOP

11. STRUCTURE OF C PROGRAMME
DOCUMENTATION SECTION
OPTIONAL 1
LINK SECTION
COMPULSORY 2
DEFINATION SECTION 3
OPTIONAL
GLOBAL DECLARATION SECTION
OPTIONAL 4
MAIN () SECTION
COMPULSORY 5 {
Declarative part
Executable part }

12. C TOCKENS
KEYWORDS
IDENTIFIERS
CONSTANTS
VARIABLES
OPERATORS

13. DATA TYPES EMPTY DATA SET PRIMARY/ DERIVED STRUCTURED USER DEFINED
Array
Structure
Union
pointer
1. enum
1. void
Int
Flot
Char
double

14. Fundamental Data Types
Description
Size ( In Bytes )
Range
Int
An integer number
2 bytes
to 32767
Float
A single precision floating point number
4 bytes to
Char
A single character
1 byte
-128 to 127
Double
A double precision floating point number
8 byte
1.7 e-308 to 1.7 e+308
Void
Empty data type
Valueless

15. ARITHMETIC OPERATORS 5 + - * / %
RELATIONAL OPERATORS 6 < > <= >= == !=
LOGICAL OPERATORS && || !
ASSIGNMENT OPERATORS 1 =
INCREMENT & DECREMENT OPERATORS
CONDITIONAL OPERATORS ? : / if else
BITWISE OPERATORS 6 & | << >> ~
OTHER OPERATORS 7 , sizeof() typecast() & * [] ()

16. STATEMENT Null Statement  ; on line
Def: Computer can take the decision but taking a decision for computer statement is required.
Null Statement  ; on line
Expression Statement  assignment/function call
Compound Statement { }
Selection Statement  condition check if if else
Iteration Statement  Iteration while do while for
Jump Statement  go to break continue
Labeled Statement  xx

17. SELECTION/DECISION MAKING STATEMNETIf
If …..else
Nested if …. Else
If else ladder
Switch statement

18. ITERATIVE / LOOPING STATEMENT
While Loop
Do….while Loop
For Loop

19. 1. While Loop Entry controlled loop / top tested loop Syntax :
Initialization;
While ( Test_condition) {
Body of the while loop; }

20. 2. Do….while Loop Exit controlled loop / bottom tested loop Syntax :
Initialization; Do {
Body of the do loop; }
While (Test_condition);

21. 3. For Loop Most powerful, flexible & commonly used Loop Top tested
Syntax :
For(initialization; test_condition; incr/decr) {
Body of the for loop }

22. Jumping statement Break statement : whole program terminated
Continue statement : that particular stat is terminated
Goto statement

23. Array One dimensional array Two dimensional array / matrix
Definition: Array is the collection of similar type of data elements.
Types of Array
One dimensional array
Two dimensional array / matrix
Multi dimensional array
More than one values can be stored in a variable of a similar type.

24. Array declaration does following things:
The name of the array
The type of the array
The dimension of the array
The size of the array
For ex:
int a[10];
int a[2] [2];
int a[2] [3] [3];

25. Handling of C character set
Def : A string is an array of characters terminated by a special character Null (‘\0’)
Reading & writing string
Combining string together - strcat
Copying one string to another – strcpy
Comparing string for equality – strcmp
Calculating length of string – strlen

26. 1.Combining string together
/* strcat demo */
Void main() {
Char str1[ ] = “Bill”;
Char str2[] = “Gates”;
Strcat (str1, “ “);
Strcat (str1, str2);
Printf(“\n%s”, str1); }
Otuput :
Bill Gates

27. 2. Copying string together :
Void main() {
Char str1[ ]= “BCA”;
Char str2[ ]= “BBA”;
Char str3[ ];
Strcpy(str3,str1);
Strcat(str3,str2);
Printf(%s”,str3);
Output :
BCABBA

28. 3.Comparing string together:
Void main()
Char city1[ ]= “Bombay”;
Char city2[ ]= “Osmanabad”;
Int i,j;
i=strcmp(city1,city2);
j=strcmp(city2,city2);
Printf(“%d”, i);
Printf(%d”,j); }
B=66
O=79
Output:
-13 13

29. 4.Calculating the length of string :
Void main() {
Int I;
Char city[]= “Osmanabad”;
i=strlen(city);
Printf(“%d”,strlen(city)); }
Output: 9

30. STRUCTURE
Def: A structure is a collection of different types of data types grouped together under a single name. Each variable within the structure is called a member. The name given to the structure is called structure tag.

31. Instance is the structure variable used to initialize the structure
Syntax :
Struct tag {
Member1;
Member2; .
Membern; };
Struct tag instance;
For Ex:
Struct student {
Char name[20];
Int roll no;
Int marks; };
Struct student s;
Instance is the structure variable used to initialize the structure

32. UNION
Def: A UNION is a collection of different types of data types grouped together under a single name. Each variable within the union is called a member. The name given to the union is called union tag.

33. Instance is the structure variable used to initialize the structure
Syntax :
union tag {
Member1;
Member2; .
Membern; };
union tag instance;
For Ex:
union student {
Char name[20];
Int roll no;
Int marks; };
unioin student s;
Instance is the structure variable used to initialize the structure

34. Pointer
Pointer is an important part of the c language which provide a powerful flexible way to manipulate the data.
Reason for using the pointer:
1. accessing the variable defined outside of the function.
2. more efficient in handling data tables.
3. reduce the length of the program
4. reduce the complexity
5. pointer increase the execution speed.
Def: Pointer is the variable which store the address of the next variable.

35. FUNCTION
Def : A function is a self-contained block of statement that perform a specific well defined task and may return the value to the calling program.
A function is named- accessed by name
A function is independent-perform the task on its own
Specific task
It will return the value to the calling program.

36. TYPES OF FUNCTION
Library function
User defined function

37. 1. Library function 1.<stdio.h> = printf() & scanf()
2.<conio.h> = clrscr() & getch()
3.<math.c> = pow(), exp() & sqrt()
4.<graphic.c> = circle(), setcolor() & bar()
LIBRARY FILES
FUNCTIONS

38. 2. User Defined Functions
For ex :
Main() {
/* call to func1()*/
Func1();
----
/* call to func2()*/
Func2(); }
Func1() {
-----
func3(); }
Func3() {
---- }
Func2() {
----- }

39. THANK YOU, VERY MUCH
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