1. History of Agriculture
Warm-Up (look it up and be prepared to discuss):
When did each of the following take place?
First Agricultural Revolution
Second Agricultural Revolution
Third (Green) Agricultural Revolution

2. Did you know that many farmers have college degrees now?
Why?
Farmers need to know about…
Technology
Transportation
Farming Techniques
Crop Pricing & Policies in the USA & World
Global Marketing
Global Competition

3. Best Agricultural Schools
1. Auburn
2.University of Arkansas
3. University of Arizona
4. Cal Poly University
5. California State University

4. Agriculture in the United States
Only 2% of the U.S population is actually involved in farming full time
But, there are millions of jobs connected to it: transportation, production, distribution
In the Mid-West agriculture is a multibillion dollar industry and some states’ largest employer.

5. Agriculture
The raising of animals or growing of crops to obtain food for primary consumption by the farm family or for sale off the farm

6. History of Agriculture
Humans first obtained food by hunting & gathering
Nomadic Tribes depended on migratory animals for food, & wild fruits
Periods of drought would cause starvation
Remember the Hadza?

7. First Agricultural Revolution
Shift from hunting & gathering to societies that planted crops & raised animals for food
Allowed humans to become more sedentary & have a more reliable food source

8. How might it have happened?
Imagine humans don’t know how to grow crops… people noticed that some of the berries that were dropped the previous year left seeds in the ground, if the seed got enough water & light at the right temperature, it could grow into a new plant

9. First Agricultural Revolution
Process of figuring out how seeds worked took thousands of years
A more stable food supply meant the population began to grow
Bigger Population Needs… More FOOD!
More food required more labor.. The cycle continues…

10. First Agricultural Revolution
Animal Domestication- process of taming wild animals for human benefit
Cows, pigs, & chickens were domesticated in different parts of the world & are now staples of our diet

11. Second Agricultural Revolution
Happened during the Industrial Revolution ( )
Used the technology provided by the Industrial Revolution to increase production & distribution or products

12. 2nd Agricultural Revolution
Technology meant the fields could double or even triple in size but would only require the same amount of labor or less
What do you think happened to the population?
Increased again
(Some LDC are still in the 2nd Agricultural Revolution)

13. Technology from the 2nd Revolution
Cotton Gin (Eli Whitney)
Did the work of dozens of laborers by removing seeds
Greatly increased technological production in the south, which has a good climate
Combine
Wheat & corn could be harvested by machines instead of by hand

14. Impact of 2nd Ag. Revolution
Increased productivity required a market to handle the increase in product, advancement in transportation was vital to get the goods to new markets
Goods could be shipped further & faster to outlying regions, the market for agricultural products grew

15. Why was transportation so important?
Improved ships, reliable trains, canals….All helped get goods there fast so they wouldn’t SPOIL!

16. Impact of 2nd Revolution on Farmers
If farms needed less labor to produce more food.. Where did farmers go?
Most people moved to urban areas to fulfill the factory demand for labor

17. Third Agricultural Revolution
When? The later half of the 20th Century
Also known as the GREEN Revolution
Involves the use of biotechnology or genetic engineering.

18. Biotechnology or Genetic Engineering
Involves altering the genetic material of plants & animals
Takes place mainly in science labs & then is tested on the farm
Scientists have created many hybrids of plants & animals that grow in conditions they normally wouldn’t

19. Green Revolution Continued..
Increased use of chemical fertilizers to enhance productivity
Brought in the rise of Industrial Farming
The mass production of agricultural products

20. Modified Food in the US
Wheat- traditionally needed a dry climate, too much moisture would spoil the crop in the fields
As a result of genetic engineering wheat can resist the moisture & not spoil

21. Modified Foods Continued
Rice- first modified in the Philippines & then diffused to other areas of Asia
Now it is heartier & can grow quickly allowing it to feed more people in some of the poorest regions in Asia

22. Double Cropping or Triple Cropping
Growing two crops or even three crops per year, allowing even more people to be fed
Seedlings being prepared for the next harvest

23. Agricultural Hearths Origins of both vegetative & seed agriculture
Mapped out by Carl Sauer
He believed humans had power over their environment & weren’t simply the product of their environment

24. 2 Distinct Kinds of Agriculture
1. Vegetative Planting
Removing part of the plant & putting it in the ground to grow a new plant
2. Seed Agriculture
Taking seeds from existing plants & planting them to produce new plants

25. Where did agriculture develop?
Three Areas of Vegetative Planting
1. Central America & northwestern South America
2. Western Africa
3. Southeast Asia

26. Where are the three hearths?

27. Why are these the hearths?
All three had….
Tropical regions with climates that were good for growing agricultural products
Large populations to provide a workforce to domesticate plants & animals native to the region

28. Central American & northwestern South American HEARTH
Who did it: Aztecs, Maya, Incas
Plants: Manioc, Sweet potato, arrowroot, cotton
Animals: Turkeys, Llamas, Alpacas

29. Western African HEARTH
Plants: Yams & Palm Oil
Animals: Cattle, Sheep, Goats

30. Southeast Asian Hearth
Plants: Root crops such as taro, bananas, palm trees
Animals: Dogs, pigs, chickens

31. Seed Hearths 1. Central America & parts of Mexico
2. Northeast portions of Africa, including Ethiopia
3. Northern China
4. Northeastern India
Practices diffused to other areas & are still practiced today

32. Southern Mexico Seed Hearth
Squash, beans, cotton

33. Northeastern Africa Seed Hearth
Coffee
Diffused to Western Africa & then to South America with the slave trade
Northern South American countries have prospered from the production of coffee

34. Northern China Seed Hearth
Millet

35. Northeastern India
Rice

36. Importance of trade routes
Helped diffuse the agricultural products we use today
Colonialism brought many products to the Western Hemisphere
Diffusion of agricultural products led to different styles of farming around the world
Climate dictates what is grown there
Ex: Lemons & Oranges don’t grow well in New England