1. Intra oral examination- 1. Soft tissue examination 2
Intra oral examination- 1. Soft tissue examination 2 . Hard tissue examination

2. Examination of soft tissues

3. Mucosa
Gingiva
Frenal attachments
Floor of the mouth
Tonsils
Duct orifices

5. Manifestations of systemic diseases
Mucosa-
ulcerations
Growths
Discoloration
Manifestations of systemic diseases

8. Gingiva -
Color
Contour
Stippling
Size

9. Frenal attachments
Maxillary labial frenum at times can be thick and may cause midline diastema
Blanch test can be used for confirmation
Short lingual frenum can cause ankyloglossia

11. Floor of the mouth Important structures seen are submandibular
gland and duct, sublingual gland and duct

12. Color changes are seen in hyperkeratotic changes, inflammatory conditions, retention cysts
Enlargement of floor of mouth usually occurs due to cystic lesions, cellulitis

14. Tonsils
Size and degree of inflammation if present should be examined

15. Duct orifices
Parotid gland – Stenson’s duct – opens in to vestibule apposite to second maxillary permanent molar
Submandibular gland- Wharton’s duct-lateral to lingual frenum
Sublingual gland- Rivinus duct- opens in to floor of the oral cavity

16. Oral hygiene appraisal
Stains
Calculus
Gingival enlargement /recession
Periodontal pocket
Bleeding on probing

17. Hard and soft palate Palatal depth Presence of swelling
Mucosal ulcerations
Color
Clefts

18. Examination of hard tissues

19. No of teeth
Type of teeth
Type of dentition
Dental caries with pulpal involvement

20. Attrition Mobility of teeth ( physiological/pathological)
Grade of mobility

21. Angle’s classification
Occlusion
Angle’s classification
Class 1
Class 11
Class 111
Canine relationship
Deciduous occlusion
Flush terminal plane
Mesial step
distal step

23. Fracture teeth
Type of fracture
Fluorosis
Grade

24. Provisional diagnosis
A general diagnosis based on the clinical impression without doing any laboratory investigations

25. Investigations Radiographic investigation
Hematological investigations-
Bacteriological culture and sensitivity test
Vitality tests
Biopsy
Photographs
Study models

26. 1) intraoral Intra oral periapical
Radiographs are of two types-
1) intraoral Intra oral periapical
Bitewing
Occlusal
2) extraoral

27. Intraoral radiographs
Intraoral Periapical radiographs-
Indications- 1)status of periapical region in deciduous and young permanent teeth
2)evaluation of pulp and endodontic treatment
3)detection of developmental anomalies

28. 4) to determine pathology involving primary teeth 5)evaluation of status of periodontal ligament

30. Bitewing radiograph- Detection of inter proximal caries with respect to depth and with relation to pulp
Observation of boundaries of pulp chamber and height of pulp horn

31. Location of retained primary roots
Observation of relationship of apposing tooth
Observation of location and position of permanent tooth bud and its relationship to primary root

32. Occlusal radiograph

33. Occlusal radiograph
Evaluation of entire maxillary or mandibular arch evaluation of cortical plate expansion
location of maxillary sinus or sub mandibular salivary gland calculi

34. Extra oral films-
Ortho pantomographs – Visualization of both maxilla and mandible is possible in one film
Useful in dental age evaluation
eruption status of the teeth

35. Identification of location of the lesion in the jaws

36. Cephalographs Establishment of skeletal and dental anomalies
Evaluation of orthodontic treatment results
Useful in the study of skeletal, dental and soft tissue structures in craniofacial region

37. Hematological investigations-
RBC count
Hemoglobin determination
Hemocrit count

38. Bleeding disorders-
Platelet count
Bleeding time
Clotting time. ...>Prothrombin time
Torniquet test

39. Associated with infections-
White cell count (WBC).
Differential count

40. Bacteriological culture and sensitivity test
Wound, abscess or surgical lesion cultures
Caries activity tests
Root canal cultures
Fresh moist preparations and smears

41. Vitality tests
Biopsy
photographs
Study models

42. Investigation findings
Positive and negative findings of various
investigations should be mentioned

43. Differential diagnosis
“The process of listing out two or more diseases
having similar signs and symptoms out of which
only one could be attributed to patient’s suffering”

44. Final diagnosis-
“a confirmed diagnosis based on all available
data”

45. Treatment planning It is a complex process, like solving
Abuzzal. Good and provisional treatment
planning is very essential for providing an
effective , and efficient treatment with
minimum energy ,time and cost.

46. Treatment planning Objective of planning treatment:
a. Insures the most effective treatment
for the individual patient.
b. Insures the most effective sequences
of treatment provided . i.e., preventive
or, therapeutic.

47. Treatment planning….cont
C. Allows the dentist to follow objectives in
each phase of the treatment.
d. Allows periodic reevaluation of treatment
progress and the necessary revision of the
treatment plan.

48. Treatment planning….cont
c. It Increases patient confidence in the
dentist.
d. It minimize , energy , time , and cost.

49. Phases of the treatment plan
includes:,
* Emergency care through ,control
of chief complaint.
* Medical consultation…, if the patient
having any medical problem, which
may require the refer of the patient
to the specialists. Dental consultation.

50. Phases of the treatment plan….cont
* Introduction….The patient introduced
to the Dentistry , it is include management
of child’s behavioral problems.
* collecting all necessary information ( by
History, Examination, investigations and
Consultation).

51. Phases of the treatment plan….cont
* preventive therapy….include,
- oral hygiene, diet consoling, prophylaxis,
fluoride and fissure sealants appl.
phase (3)
* surgical & corective phase…. includes
* Excavation and temporary filling.
* Extraction of hopeless teeth.

52. Phases of treatment plan…cont.
* corrective therapy, includes
restoration,. amalgam, G.I, and
composite ,st .steel .crown, sp.
maintainer ,any advanced
periodontal therapy and endo-
dontic treatment.

53. Phases of the treatment plan…cont
- Rehabilitating phase….this
involve full mouth rehabilitation
i.e, final occlusal adjustment,
polishing of the restoration, oral
habit appliances, re-evaluation of
the oral health, and referral for ortho-
dontic treatment.

54. Phases of the treatment plan
- Recall phase.
-Establishment of recall visits
or intervals.