1. Promoting Gender Equality and Empowerment of Women
Using available statistics to monitor progress towards gender equality:
The Global Monitoring Report 2007
Promoting Gender Equality and Empowerment of Women
IAEG Meeting on the Development of Gender Statistics
December 13, 2006

2. Outline
The Global Monitoring Report
Preliminary Messages and evidence for the chapter in Gender

3. The Global Monitoring Report
Focuses on how the world is doing in implementing the policies and actions for achieving the MDGs and related development outcomes
Intended for the Development Committee
The main theme changes every year. Last year report was on Aid, Trade and Governance
This year report will focus on Gender and Fragile States.
The central chapter on Gender has four sections

4. Chapter Structure: Four Sections
Gender equality is central to development
Monitoring performance toward MDG3 using official UN indicators
Going beyond UN MDG3 indicators: Additional dimensions for monitoring gender equality
What will it take to achieve MDG3 by 2015?

5. Performance On Official MDG3 Indicators
Good performance on gender parity on basic education and literacy
Most countries on track to meet gender parity target on basic education and literacy
Exceptions are 28 countries (most in Africa)
Poor performance on goal related to tertiary education
Increase in indicators for employment and political participation, but share remains low
Introduction of quotas influences performance on political participation
Experience of fragile states

6. Data challenges on the current MDG3 Indicators
The number of countries with available data changes every year making yearly estimations very difficult.
Trends in ratios are difficult to interpret.
Within country variation is hidden on national averages.

7. Focus on Outliers

8. Track performance 1 Very likely 2 Likely 3 Unlikely 4 Very unlikely
5 No data

9. Beyond Ratios and National Averages

10. Additional Indicators for Monitoring Gender Equality
Task Force recommendations
Framework for recommending additional indicators
Measurable with available data
Instrumental for reducing poverty, stimulating growth and attaining other MDGs
Can be influenced by policy
Choosing a parsimonious set of indicators

11. Task Force Recommendations
UN MDG3 Indicators
Indicators suggested by the Millennium Task Force on Gender Equality (2005)
Education: Ratio of girls to boys enrolled in primary and secondary education;
Ratio of literate females to males among year olds
Education: Ratio of female to male gross enrollment rates in primary, secondary and tertiary education;
Ratio of female to male completion rates in primary, secondary and tertiary education
Employment: Share of women in wage employment in nonagricultural sector
Employment: Share of women in employment, both wage and self-employment, by type;
Gender gap in earnings in wage and self-employment
Sexual and reproductive health and rights: Proportion of contraceptive demand satisfied; Adolescent fertility rate
Political participation: Proportion of seats held by women in national parliaments
Political participation: Percentage of seats held by women in national parliament; Percentage of seats held by women in local government bodies
Property rights: Land ownership by male, female or jointly held; Housing title, disaggregated by male, female, or jointly held
Infrastructure: Hours per day (or year) women and men spend fetching water and collecting fuel
Violence against women: Prevalence of domestic violence
Red indicates indicator is measurable with available data, bold font indicates limited availability

12. Recommended Indicators
Domain
Indicator
Education
Primary school completion rates
Transition to secondary school ( % of primary graduates continuing to secondary)
Average completed years of schooling
Test scores
Women’s health
Burden of disease and disability measured by DALYs
Gender difference in life expectancy
Utilization of reproductive health services (antenatal care)
Adolescent motherhood
Economic empowerment of women
Labor force participation rates
Employment by type (share of women in agric.; share of women in non-agricultural wage employment, % of this that is informal employment, Non-agricultural self-employment, % of this that is informal employment)
Gender gap in earnings
Political empowerment of women
Proportion of seats held by women in local government (tentative)
% voting (tentative)
Red indicates indicator is measurable with available data

13. Additional Indicators for Monitoring Gender Equality
Recommended indicators improve monitoring of attaining MDG3
Some countries that have done well on official indicators tend to perform poorly on the expanded set of indicators
The slides that follow show that..

14. Education
Monitor gender parity in access, quality and persistence throughout the education system
Completion rates for primary education
Female completion rates lower than for males in 50 percent or more countries in AFR, MNA, SAR and ECA
Test scores on regional or international assessments to measure quality of education
Relative to boys, girls perform poorly in math and science but better in reading
Average completed years of schooling to measure educational attainment
Where DHS data are available

15. Additional Indicators for Health
Variable
LCR
MNA
AFR
SAR
EAP
ECA
Life expectancy at birth (Observed/ expected), male to female ratio
1.04
1.00
0.99
0.97
1.08
% women (aged 15-49) with no antenatal care
11.67
29.72
23.83
36.51
17.15
11.71
% age with child or pregnant
10.73
2.94
13.36
11.45
3.12
2.2
Lost DALYs* due to communicable diseases, Age 5-14, male to female ratio
0.94
0.82
0.90
0.85
0.92
Lost DALYs * due to non-communicable diseases, Age 5-14, male to female ratio
0.91
0.93
0.81
1.01
1.02
Lost DALYs * due to injuries
Age 5-14, male to female ratio
2.15
1.48
1.57
1.15
2.27
Data sources: UN Population Projections, WHO, DHS
*per 1000 population, ratios in red indicate female disadvantage

16. Labor Force Participation Rates by Age
Source: Household surveys from xx countries
Lfp = Active population / population 15-65

17. Labor Force Participation Rates by Sex
Equality
Female rate is half of male rate
Lfp = Active population / population 15-65
Illustrate with case of EAP here

18. What will it take to achieve MDG3 by 2015?
Analyzing “outlier countries” using performance on official and expanded list of indicators
Correlating performance on MDG3 with their performance in achieving the other MDG goals
Understanding the what is needed in terms of institutional environment and policies
Outlier countries
Other country case studies