1. Date of download: 11/15/2017
Copyright © ASME. All rights reserved.
From: Ecological Principles and Metrics for Improving Material Cycling Structures in Manufacturing Networks
J. Manuf. Sci. Eng. 2016;138(10): doi: /
Figure Legend:
An example ecosystem (left), its FW (center), and its FW matrix representation (right). S1–S3 represent the three species highlighted in the ecosystem and L11–L33 represent the linkages between them.

2. Date of download: 11/15/2017
Copyright © ASME. All rights reserved.
From: Ecological Principles and Metrics for Improving Material Cycling Structures in Manufacturing Networks
J. Manuf. Sci. Eng. 2016;138(10): doi: /
Figure Legend:
Examples of the three types of internal structural cycling as represented by cyclicity (eigenvalues of [A]): (a) no cycling λmax = 0, (b) weak cycling λmax = 1, and (c) and strong cycling λmax > 1

3. Date of download: 11/15/2017
Copyright © ASME. All rights reserved.
From: Ecological Principles and Metrics for Improving Material Cycling Structures in Manufacturing Networks
J. Manuf. Sci. Eng. 2016;138(10): doi: /
Figure Legend:
A visualization illustrating the difference in complex cyclical interactions between a food chain and an FW in nature. Adapted from Ref. [40].

4. Date of download: 11/15/2017
Copyright © ASME. All rights reserved.
From: Ecological Principles and Metrics for Improving Material Cycling Structures in Manufacturing Networks
J. Manuf. Sci. Eng. 2016;138(10): doi: /
Figure Legend:
A comparison of the internal cycling of materials and energy within the Kalundborg and Pomacle–Bazancourt EIPs. Double-lined arrows represent linkages which participate in a cycle, grayed out linkages do not. Actors highlighted in bold are the acting detritus of the EIP.

5. Date of download: 11/15/2017
Copyright © ASME. All rights reserved.
From: Ecological Principles and Metrics for Improving Material Cycling Structures in Manufacturing Networks
J. Manuf. Sci. Eng. 2016;138(10): doi: /
Figure Legend:
The number of active detritus in an EIP plotted against network cyclicity

6. Date of download: 11/15/2017
Copyright © ASME. All rights reserved.
From: Ecological Principles and Metrics for Improving Material Cycling Structures in Manufacturing Networks
J. Manuf. Sci. Eng. 2016;138(10): doi: /
Figure Legend:
The Harjavalta industrial area in Finland. Double-lined linkages indicate connections which participate in a cycle, gray linkages do not. The single grayed box (city of Harjavalta) indicates an actor which exclusively participates in incoming or outgoing interactions (is only a predator or prey).

7. Date of download: 11/15/2017
Copyright © ASME. All rights reserved.
From: Ecological Principles and Metrics for Improving Material Cycling Structures in Manufacturing Networks
J. Manuf. Sci. Eng. 2016;138(10): doi: /
Figure Legend:
The Lower Mississippi Corridor EIP. Double-lined linkages indicate connections which participate in a cycle, while gray linkages do not. Grayed boxes indicate an actor which exclusively participates in incoming or outgoing interactions (is only a predator or predator or prey).

8. Date of download: 11/15/2017
Copyright © ASME. All rights reserved.
From: Ecological Principles and Metrics for Improving Material Cycling Structures in Manufacturing Networks
J. Manuf. Sci. Eng. 2016;138(10): doi: /
Figure Legend:
Path length versus number of paths of that length totaled for each of the 48 EIPs, for paths of length 1–100, plotted on a log–log scale. Inset (a) is the path length to number of paths relationship for FWs as presented by Ref. [52].

9. Date of download: 11/15/2017
Copyright © ASME. All rights reserved.
From: Ecological Principles and Metrics for Improving Material Cycling Structures in Manufacturing Networks
J. Manuf. Sci. Eng. 2016;138(10): doi: /
Figure Legend:
Path length versus number of paths of that length for the six highest EIPs ranked by cyclicity (class A; cyclicity > 3) for paths of length 1–100, plotted on a log–log scale

10. Date of download: 11/15/2017
Copyright © ASME. All rights reserved.
From: Ecological Principles and Metrics for Improving Material Cycling Structures in Manufacturing Networks
J. Manuf. Sci. Eng. 2016;138(10): doi: /
Figure Legend:
Path length versus number of paths of that length for the medium–high cyclicity EIPs (class B; 1 < cyclicity < 3) for paths of length 1–100, log–log scale

11. Date of download: 11/15/2017
Copyright © ASME. All rights reserved.
From: Ecological Principles and Metrics for Improving Material Cycling Structures in Manufacturing Networks
J. Manuf. Sci. Eng. 2016;138(10): doi: /
Figure Legend:
Path length versus number of paths of that length for the lowest cyclicity EIPs. Left panel shows class C EIPs (cyclicity = 1) and right panel shows the class D EIPs (cyclicity = 0) for paths of length 1–100, plotted on a log–log scale.