1. Date of download: 5/29/2016 Copyright © ASME. All rights reserved. From: The Influence of Friction Stir Welding Process Idealization on Residual Stress and Distortion Predictions for Future Airframe Assembly Simulations J. Manuf. Sci. Eng. 2012;134(3):031011-031011-9. doi:10.1115/1.4006554 A typical fuselage stiffened panel assembly Figure Legend:

2. Date of download: 5/29/2016 Copyright © ASME. All rights reserved. From: The Influence of Friction Stir Welding Process Idealization on Residual Stress and Distortion Predictions for Future Airframe Assembly Simulations J. Manuf. Sci. Eng. 2012;134(3):031011-031011-9. doi:10.1115/1.4006554 Schematic of friction stir welding process Figure Legend:

3. Date of download: 5/29/2016 Copyright © ASME. All rights reserved. From: The Influence of Friction Stir Welding Process Idealization on Residual Stress and Distortion Predictions for Future Airframe Assembly Simulations J. Manuf. Sci. Eng. 2012;134(3):031011-031011-9. doi:10.1115/1.4006554 Schematic of future airframe manufacturing philosophy Figure Legend:

4. Date of download: 5/29/2016 Copyright © ASME. All rights reserved. From: The Influence of Friction Stir Welding Process Idealization on Residual Stress and Distortion Predictions for Future Airframe Assembly Simulations J. Manuf. Sci. Eng. 2012;134(3):031011-031011-9. doi:10.1115/1.4006554 Validation component plus refined FE mesh Figure Legend:

5. Date of download: 5/29/2016 Copyright © ASME. All rights reserved. From: The Influence of Friction Stir Welding Process Idealization on Residual Stress and Distortion Predictions for Future Airframe Assembly Simulations J. Manuf. Sci. Eng. 2012;134(3):031011-031011-9. doi:10.1115/1.4006554 Time history of torque and forging force before and during welding process Figure Legend:

6. Date of download: 5/29/2016 Copyright © ASME. All rights reserved. From: The Influence of Friction Stir Welding Process Idealization on Residual Stress and Distortion Predictions for Future Airframe Assembly Simulations J. Manuf. Sci. Eng. 2012;134(3):031011-031011-9. doi:10.1115/1.4006554 Simulation and experimentally measured temperature history Figure Legend:

7. Date of download: 5/29/2016 Copyright © ASME. All rights reserved. From: The Influence of Friction Stir Welding Process Idealization on Residual Stress and Distortion Predictions for Future Airframe Assembly Simulations J. Manuf. Sci. Eng. 2012;134(3):031011-031011-9. doi:10.1115/1.4006554 Validation component tool surface out-of-plane distortions—lateral planes Figure Legend:

8. Date of download: 5/29/2016 Copyright © ASME. All rights reserved. From: The Influence of Friction Stir Welding Process Idealization on Residual Stress and Distortion Predictions for Future Airframe Assembly Simulations J. Manuf. Sci. Eng. 2012;134(3):031011-031011-9. doi:10.1115/1.4006554 Validation component tool surface out-of-plane distortions—longitudinal planes Figure Legend:

9. Date of download: 5/29/2016 Copyright © ASME. All rights reserved. From: The Influence of Friction Stir Welding Process Idealization on Residual Stress and Distortion Predictions for Future Airframe Assembly Simulations J. Manuf. Sci. Eng. 2012;134(3):031011-031011-9. doi:10.1115/1.4006554 Predicted and measured longitudinal residual stress Figure Legend:

10. Date of download: 5/29/2016 Copyright © ASME. All rights reserved. From: The Influence of Friction Stir Welding Process Idealization on Residual Stress and Distortion Predictions for Future Airframe Assembly Simulations J. Manuf. Sci. Eng. 2012;134(3):031011-031011-9. doi:10.1115/1.4006554 Dominant process modeling effects Figure Legend:

11. Date of download: 5/29/2016 Copyright © ASME. All rights reserved. From: The Influence of Friction Stir Welding Process Idealization on Residual Stress and Distortion Predictions for Future Airframe Assembly Simulations J. Manuf. Sci. Eng. 2012;134(3):031011-031011-9. doi:10.1115/1.4006554 Interaction of modeling effects Figure Legend:

12. Date of download: 5/29/2016 Copyright © ASME. All rights reserved. From: The Influence of Friction Stir Welding Process Idealization on Residual Stress and Distortion Predictions for Future Airframe Assembly Simulations J. Manuf. Sci. Eng. 2012;134(3):031011-031011-9. doi:10.1115/1.4006554 Longitudinal residual stresses with and without torque Figure Legend: