1. The Calvin Cycle: Light Independent Reactions
Takes place in stroma of chloroplast
Fixes carbon from CO2 into an organic molecule (sugar)
Energy stored in sugar comes from ATP and NADPH made in light dependent reactions

2. Overview of Calvin Cycle
Calvin Cycle Animation
Calvin Cycle Movie

3. Events of Calvin Cycle CO2 combines with RuBP (5 C)
The resulting 6C molecule splits into two 3C molecules
Energy from ATP and NADPH convert the 3C molecules into PGAL (high energy)
Of twelve PGAL molecules (produced by two Calvin cycles):
Ten regenerate RuBP
Two leave the chloroplast and can form glucose

4. Summary
Light Reactions
Calvin Cycle
Location
Inputs
Products

5. Factors that Affect Rate of Photosynthesis
Temperature
Enzymes control reactions
Light intensity
Higher intensity = higher energy
Availability of water
Raw material for photosynthesis
Protects plant tissues from damage

6. C4 and CAM Adaptations for bright, hot conditions Minimize water loss
Works in low CO2 levels
Requires extra energy
CAM
Admit CO2 only at night
Organic acids formed that release CO2 during the day