1. Understanding the Person
Chapter 8

2. Caring For The Person
For effective care you must consider the whole person Physical Social Psychological Spiritual

3. Basic Human Needs

4. Describe Basic Human Needs
Basic Human needs are needs all persons have. However individuals meet these needs in different ways. Most residents in long term facilities will need some assistance to meet their basic needs.

5. Ways to assist Residents with Physical Needs
Food
making meal time as pleasant as possible
assist resident to eat, feed resident when possible
prepare foods such as cutting meats, opening cartons
Oxygen/Air
elevate HOB for resident with breathing problems or SOB
position in bed and chairs to allow lung expansion
assist resident to ambulate
assist nurse with oxygen therapy.

6. Meeting Resident Physical needs
Water:
Offer fluids frequently
keep water containers within reach
Keep water fresh, other liquids at correct temperatures.
Elimination:
Assist resident in toileting needs
provide privacy
be matter of fact in response to incontinent residents

7. Meeting Physical Needs
Rest:
Assist in preparation for sleep
recognize changes in patterns for sleep
Activity and Exercise
Encourage ROM in ADL’s
ambulate, transfer and move properly
Encourage activity
Stimulation
Encourage resident to participate in activities
Encourage residents to talk and listen carefully
Do not isolate resident. Place in area where they can observe activity.

8. Ways to Assist Resident with Safety and Security Needs
Keep area safe and free of hazards
Show residents how to do activities safely
keep call light within reach
know how to do tasks
be alert to safety. Use TB and brakes
Security
respect residents belongings
orient resident to new surroundings
reassure resident
welcome family and friends
provide privacy, knock on doors

9. Ways to Assist Love and Belonging Needs
Caring about someone
listen to resident, encourage talk of past
show interest in residents family
encourage contact with other residents
read social histories in resident charts
some residents may have significant others who are not family members
take time with resident, pay attention

10. Love and Belonging Needs
Being cared about
Show interest in resident
touch residents in a kind and gentle manner
be kind and friendly to visitors
inform family and residents of activities offered
be patient and understanding
treat residents as you would like to be treated

11. Ways to Meet Self Esteem Needs
Sense of Identity
call resident by preferred name
include resident and family in discussions concerning resident care
give and respect choices made by residents
respect differences in culture, heredity, interests and values

12. Meeting Self- Esteem Needs
Feeling Important, worthwhile
praise accomplishments of residents
acknowledge residents at all times
respect resident property
talk to resident as an adult
encourage resident to do as much as able for themselves
Give residents simple responsibilities and tasks to feel important

13. Meeting Self- Actualization Needs
The extra’s in life
encourage hobbies
praise accomplishments and strengths
Spirituality
respect religious beliefs
provide privacy for clergy visit.
Handle with care religious symbols
refer clergy requests to Nurse in Charge

14. RESPECT CULTURAL DIVERSITY
CLAS stands for culturally and linguistically appropriate services.
Developed in 2000 by the Dept. of health and human services.
Clas focuses on health care organizations, and also standards for how health care should be delivered.

15. Personal guidelines Think about your personal belief system
Examine how personal culture influences your own behavior
Don’t stereotype
Ask patients about their culture
Attend staff development activities and develop cultural awareness.

16. Cultural influences Personal space Gestures/ eye contact
Some cultures will not permit members of the opposite sex to provide cares
Some prefer distance during cares
Gestures/ eye contact
Gestures may have different meanings
Eye contact may be offensive

17. Cultural influences Clothing: Health Practices:
Men may cover their heads
Women may cover their heads and only have face and hands in view
Health Practices:
May want cultural remedies
May want herbs, spices, teas or wraps
Check to see if this interferes with treatment

18. Cultural Influences Pain: Personal hygiene:
Some demonstrate pain by being very emotional
Some view displays of pain as being weak
Personal hygiene:
Bathing may not be done routinely/ or may be very frequent
Women may not want body hair removed

19. Family
A family is a group of people tied together by common interests and concern about the well being and needs of members. “Traditional Family” usually refers to a married man and women and children. Today there are many family units containing single parents, extended families, and groups of unrelated friends.

20. Family Dynamics
The way individuals in a family relate to and interact with each other is known as family dynamics
Each family has individual needs.
Families have their own rules related to how they operate as a group.
Each person has a role in the group, or several roles.
Usually roles are learned from older family members. There may not be a role model for healthy development
In a stressed family children may have an adult role.

21. Describe Needs of Family
Definition of Family:
Two or more people have chosen to live together and share interest, roles, resources commitment and love.
Family emotions include, anxiety, fear, sadness, anger, relief, confusion

22. Describe Developmental Tasks
Theorists suggest that as one matures from infancy to old age, persons pass through several stages. During each stage developmental tasks must be accomplished in order to mature in a healthy way. Developmental tasks are social, emotional, and psychological growth experiences.

23. Developmental Disabilities
Any condition which interferes with normal growth and development is a disability.
May interfere with the way a person speaks, learns, or completes ADL’s
Usually as a result of heredity, trauma or birth injury. (cerebral palsy, fetal alcohol syndrome, head injury)
Places stress on family due to health care costs and special services needed.

24. Untypical Behaviors
Child may become over dependent on others and demanding
May not follow normal routines, such as nap time.
Regresses to earlier stage.(incontinent)
Physical complaints

25. Remember…..
Nursing assistants need to acknowledge family members, have a non judgmental attitude, be patient, be sensitive, quietly listen, include family when appropriate in cares. BE PLEASANT!!!