1. World War I
The Great War
Day 5 – April 17

2. World War I M.A.I.N. Causes of WWI World War I (1914 - 1919)
Militarism
Imperialism
Alliance System
Nationalism
World War I ( )
The powder keg in Europe was triggered by the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand
US remained neutral until 1917
Atlantic Ocean served as a natural isolating barrier

3. Alliances trigger a chain reaction
Alliance System – agreements between nations to aid one another if they were attacked.
Central Powers (Bad Guys)
Germany, Austria Hungary, Ottoman Empire
Allied Powers (friends)
Great Britain, France, Russia
The U.S. remains neutral

6. World War Begins in Europe
United States declares neutrality, Woodrow Wilson is President
New weapons were introduced:
machines guns, poison gas, submarines, airplanes, & tanks.
Trench Warfare – trenches were dug along France’s eastern border with Germany, it was called the ‘Western Front’.

7. Trench Warfare
Men dug trenches that were separated by barbed wire and land mines, the killing zone area between them was called ‘no man’s land.’
Soldiers spent years in trenches because neither side could advance creating a stalemate.
Stalemate broken with introduction of tanks that could roll over the wire and through embankments while protection the driver

8. A It helped transport large numbers of troops to the battlefield.
How did the military innovation shown in this photograph affect the course of World War I?
A It helped transport large numbers of troops to the battlefield.
B It helped break the stalemate of trench warfare.
C It made communications with officers on the front lines possible.
D It made the use of land mines obsolete.
What other new weapons were used in WWI?
______________________________________
Machine guns, airplanes, poison gas, flamethrowers

9. What caused the scene described in this excerpt?
A A tank attacking soldiers on the battlefield
B An aerial bombing of an infantry unit
C A poison gas attack on soldiers in the trenches
D A submarine attacking a docked ship
It was at first impossible for any one to realize what had actually happened. The smoke and fumes hid everything from sight, and hundreds of men were thrown into a comatose or dying condition, and within the hour the whole position had to be abandoned, together with about fifty guns.
British Field Marshal Sir John French, report on the second battle of Ypres, 1915

10. Which action completes this diagram?
A Submarines attacked unarmed ships.
B Armored tanks crossed fortified lines.
C The use of machine guns resulted in massive casualties.
D Airplanes conducted reconnaissance missions.
Stalemate: stand-still

11. Causes of USA’s Involvement in the War
Germany declares unrestricted submarine warfare
Sinking of the Lusitania - Americans killed
Allied propaganda
The ‘Zimmerman Note’ - *Mexico/Germany Deal
* US Declares War in 1917 *

12. How did the Zimmermann telegram influence U.S. entry into World War I?
What was the 2nd cause of US Entry into WWI?
F It announced the czar’s overthrow in Russia.
G It revealed a proposed military alliance between Mexico and Germany.
H It contained orders for German U-boats to destroy British passenger ships.
J It described Romania’s plan to abandon neutrality.
Germany’s unrestricted submarine warfare

13. This World War I-era poster was intended to persuade -
A farmers to consume fewer scarce goods during the war
B women to work producing war materials
C people to save money during the war
D people to help finance the war

14. What was one result of the events reported in the excerpt above?
Militant Americanism was dominant in Washington today—in those quarters of the capital where action counts in this perilous time. By one bold strike President Wilson had emboldened the timid, scattered his enemies, and brought honest critics to his side. The exposure of the German Government’s attempt to line up Japan and Mexico with Germany in a war against the United States caused hesitating Senators and Representatives to come out in the open with declarations of support of the President and his method of dealing with the German submarine menace. While the international situation is more critical, the atmosphere has been cleared of doubt and misunderstanding, and Germany’s enmity is now clearly revealed.
-New York Times, March 2, 1917
What was one result of the events reported in the excerpt above?
What are the key lines?
F Germany financed the Mexican army’s attempted invasion of the United States.
G The US government abandoned its official policy of neutrality.
H Germany’s navy blockaded several Mexican seaports.
J The U.S. government boycotted goods imported from Europe.
1. The German Government’s attempt
to line up Japan and Mexico with
Germany in a war against the United
States = The Zimmermann Telegram
2. German submarine menace
Neutrality Policy: policy of not taking sides in a war

15. Events that led to the US Entry in WWI
____ Britain sets up a ship blockade, forcing Germany to use their U-boats.
____ Germany declares war on Russia and then France
____ Archduke Franz Ferdinand is assassinated by the Serbian terrorist group, the Black Hand.
____ A chain reaction begins, Austria-Hungary declares war on Serbia.
____ Russia declares war on Austria-Hungary to help Serbia.
____ Zimmerman Note is intercepted revealing Germany’s attempt to recruit Mexico
____ Lusitania is sunk by a German U-Boat, 128 Americans die.
____ Great Britain comes to the aid of Belgium and France and declares war on Germany.
____ United States enters WWI on April 2, 1917.
____ Germany invades France through Belgium, enacting the Schlieffen Plan 7 4 1 2 3 9 8 6 10 5

16. Why did the United States decide to enter World War I?
A The United States had suffered economically from European sanctions
B A European nation had taken aggressive actions against the United States
C The US president was obligated to fulfill election campaign promises
D Communist activities among US immigrants were threatening the county

17. STAAR Practice Question # 1
What event in American history does this newspaper headline refer to?
American Revolution
Civil War
Spanish American War
World War I
ANSWER: Letter D, the sinking of the Lusitania was a major cause of America entering into World War I

18. The Home Front, 1917-1918 Selective Service Act
Established the Draft
Americans at home mobilized to aid in the war effort
Women replaced the men leaving for war in the factories, as well as African Americans (*Great Migration)

19. Upon entering World War I, the United States enlarged its military by —
A creating the Veterans Administration
B passing the Selective Service Act
C enacting the GI Bill
D establishing the Marine Corps
= The Draft

20. Which pull factor contributed to the Great Migration?
A The availability of land grants for homesteaders
B Economic opportunities in industrialized cities
C Better soil conditions in previously uncultivated areas
D The lower cost of living in urban areas
Pull Migration Factor: something that draws you into a specific country/place
Push Migration Factor: something that makes you want to leave a country/place

21. Common Images seen in World War I Homefront Propaganda
War Bonds or Liberty Bonds
Raise funds for food
Rationing and Victory Gardens
Ways to provide more food for the troops overseas
Women join the war effort
Would later aid in the ratification of the 19th amendment

22. The Home Front,
During a time of crisis or war, civil liberties be neglected
Espionage & Sedition Act made it a crime to criticize or hinder the war effort (1917)
This violated American’s civil rights, like the 1st Amendment and freedom of speech.
Over 6,000 Americans were arrested under these acts.

23. This 1917 illustration was published as a commentary on a proposed piece of legislation. Which of the following best replaces the question mark in the illustration?
A Sundry Civil Bill
B Dyer Anti-Lynching Bill
C Standard Time Act
D Espionage Act

24. Whoever, when the United States is at war, shall willfully
Whoever, when the United States is at war, shall willfully utter, print, write, or publish any disloyal, profane, scurrilous, or abusive language about the form of government of the United States shall be punished by a fine of not more than $10,000 or imprisonment for not more than twenty years, or both
—Espionage Act, May 1918
This law demonstrates that at one time the federal government was willing to —
A suspend habeas corpus
B confiscate privately owned weapons
C force people into internment camps
D suspend freedom of speech

25. World War I War Heroes
General John J. Pershing - Selected to lead the AEF (American Expeditionary Forces)
Pershing and the AEF won a huge victory at the Battle of the Argonne Forest
Refused to send American troops into battle until they were trained, meaning few deaths.
Alvin York – at the Battle of Argonne Forest, he singlehandedly killed 25 Germans and capturing 132 prisoners of war.
Congressional Medal of Honor recipient

26. General John J. Pershing made a major contribution to the Allied victory in World War I by —
A transforming inexperienced troops into an effective military force
B developing advanced technologies for battlefield use
C requesting humanitarian aid from Congress for war-torn countries
D negotiating the terms of the Treaty of Versailles
Supreme Commander of the American Expeditionary Forces (AEF)
Led AEF forces that broke through German lines at the Battle of Argonne Forest

27. The Treaty of Versailles
Germany, exhausted by the war, finally agreed to an armistice (peace agreement) on Nov. 11, 1918 we now call this Veteran’s Day.
The Big Four met with to discuss peace terms.
U.S., Great Britain, France, Italy
The Russians, although they had fought on our winning side, were not invited to the peace talks.
(Russia had become communist!)

28. Wilson’s Fourteen Points
President Wilson’s for peace
Created a League of Nations, an international organization designed to help prevent war and keep peace
Strongly opposed by Senator Henry Cabot Lodge
Rejected by the Senate - U.S. did not join the league or ratify the Treaty of Versailles

29. The Fourteen Points reflected President Wilson’s belief that -
F intervention in the affairs of other nations was never justifiable
G travel among nations should be regulated by an international organization
H no country should be allowed to spend more on defense than any other country
J cooperation among international leaders was essential to maintaining world peace

30. Terms of the Treaty of Versailles
Germany:
Lost land they had conquered.
Lost their overseas colonies.
Demilitarization, reduce military size.
Accept blame for war in the War Guilt Clause.
Make reparations (payments for damages)
** These harsh terms would lead to WW II.
Austria-Hungary & Turkey were also divided into several new nations.

31. American Isolationism
America turned to a policy of isolationism
1920 – Harding’s “Return to Normalcy”
America turned its back on Europe by:
Raising tariffs on imports to protect US businesses
Restricting European immigration
Rejecting the Treaty of Versailles.
Refusing to join the League of Nations.
These were all signs of America’s decision to isolate themselves from the rest of the world.

32. The natural barrier that isolates America from Europe
Atlantic Ocean
The natural barrier that isolates America from Europe

33. Allied Powers
Britain, France, and Russia were all part of what alliance during World War I?

34. Espionage Act of 1917
This act made it a crime to criticize the war effort during WWI but also violated the first amendment

35. Panama Canal
This structure was built to connect the Atlantic and Pacific Ocean and would be under the control of the United States until Carter’s presidency

36. Central Powers
Germany, Austria Hungary, and the Ottoman Empire are all part of alliance during World War I?

37. Pancho Villa
General Pershing and the AEF chased this murderous man down during the Mexican Revolution but were unable to capture him

38. Treaty of Versailles
This treaty ended WWI and harshly punished Germany with reparations, forcing them to take blame for the war, and dividing their territory

39. President Wilson’s plan for peace after World War I
Fourteen Points
President Wilson’s plan for peace after World War I

40. League of Nations
Part of President Wilson’s Fourteen Points in which the nations would organize and agree to defend one another against aggressive nations

41. America’s policy at the beginning of WWI that ended in 1917
Neutrality
America’s policy at the beginning of WWI that ended in 1917

42. Zimmerman Telegram
Intercepted correspondence between Mexico and Germany, one of the reasons we entered WWI

43. Franz Ferdinand
The assassination of this man set off a chain reaction which led to the out break of World War I