1. THE ROMAN ARMY
Why was it so important?
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2. How was the Roman Army organised?
Main part of the army was the LEGION
This was made up of 5000 men under the command of the LEGATUS

3. How the Roman Army was organized
The legion was divided into ten cohorts
Each cohort was made up of six centuries
The centuries were commanded by a centurion
Centuries originally had 100 men

4. How the Roman Army was organised
The centurions were very important men
They were responsible for training the soldiers under their command and making sure everyone obeyed orders.
Some were very cruel

5. Standard Bearers Each century had its own emblem or standard.
This was carried by the standard bearer, a very experienced and trusted soldier
To lose your standard was a great disgrace

6. How to become a Legionaire!
You had to be a Roman citizen
You had to be physically fit and 1.6m tall
You were expected to stay in the army for 25 years

7. What was he paid?
They earn 225 denarii/year (up to 300 under Domitian)
Food, clothing and equipment were subtracted from the salary
Some money was placed in a bank for his retirement
Probably received 20-25% of his pay

8. Retirement and Promotion
Soldiers could be promoted to optio or centurion
Promotion meant more pay and duty exemptions
Upon retirement a soldier could expect a lump-sum payment of 3000 denarii or land!

9. Training Most soldiers joined between 18-20 years old
There were three 22 mile marches each month
On each march the legionaire would carry 90 lbs of equipment

10. Training Legionaries would also learn drill, or marching
This was important for learning manoeuvres in battle
New recruits were given shields and swords twice as heavy as the real thing!

11. Weapons Gladius (short sword) Pilus (spear) Pugio (dagger)
Scutum (shield)

12. Equipment Lorica segmentata (armor made from metal strips)
Cingulum (military belt)
Caligae (military sandals)
Helmet
Short leggings (Late Empire)

13. Who else was in the Army?
Auxiliaries- These were soldiers from lands conquered by the Romans who volunteered to fight for the Romans
Many of these had special skills- like cavalry soldiers and archers

14. Auxiliaries Archers Most fought with a sword and short spear
Thought of by Romans as second class soldiers , paid less and not trained as rigorously
After 25 years- they became Citizens (and their children too!)