1. Forest and Canopy Profile
Barrio do Moinho
Mun. Nazaré Paulista, São Paulo, Brasil
Coordinates: 23°12’12” S, 46°21’13” W
Altitude: m

2. Forest Stratification and Profiling
The purpose of forest profiling is to provide a general idea of the vertical stratification of a site.
Vegetation height was estimated using a known height reference point.
Profile diagrams similar to those used by Davies & Richards (1933).
Please see Moore and Chapman, 1976, for a more complete description.

3. Three Layers of Forest Layer 1: 0-2 meters Layer 2: 3-5 meters
Decaying matter, vines, fallen trees, young trees, grasses, ferns, shrubs, lichens, mosses
Layer 2: 3-5 meters
Hanging vines, short trees with thin trunks and small leaves, some trunks are thorny
Layer 3: 8-11 meters
Emergent tree canopy, broad leaves, thicker trunks, some vines winding on tree branches and trunks

4. Forest profiles from various angles
Trail view
From north side of quadrat
From south side of quadrat

5. Compilation of angles for depth

6. Canopy and Light
We estimate that the canopy allows 20-30% of light to reach the forest floor.
Most windows in the canopy were approximately 1 meter, and none were more than 2 meters.
Leaves were generally broad or long and in healthy condition.
Several palm trees were the highest emergents.
See the following slide for a canopy profile.

7. Canopy Profile Canopy Profile
Each cube of the grid represents approximately 1 square meter
Each cube of the grid represents approximately 1 square meter