1. CCNA Network Fundamentals
By: Hyder Hamandi

2. How Networks Impact Daily Life
Chapter One : Introduction
How Networks Impact Daily Life
Improving our lives.

3. How Networks Impact Daily Life
Applications help us to
Chatting
Download Files
Purchasing
Read News
See & speak to others
Education
Sharing
Many other things

4. How Networks Impact Daily Life
Ways of communication over a network changes the way we work

5. How Networks Impact Daily Life
Describe ways communication over a network supports the way we play

6. Data Networking Role, Components, and Challenges
The various elements that make up a network
Devices
These are used to communicate with one another
Medium
This is how the devices are connected together
Messages
Information that travels over the medium
Rules
Governs how messages flow across network

7. Network Architecture Characteristics
Four characteristics that are addressed by network architecture design
Fault tolerance (Backup)
Scalability (Extension , Adding)
Quality of service (priority, Quality)
Security (against illegal use)

8. Network Architecture Characteristics
Packet switching helps improve fault tolerance of the Internet architecture

9. Network Architecture Characteristics
Characteristics of the Internet that help it scale to meet user demand
Hierarchical
Common standards
Common protocols

10. Network Architecture Characteristics
Administrators define precisely the priority rules

11. Network Architecture Characteristics
Different QoS mechanisms work to ensure quality of Data.

12. Network Architecture Characteristics
Networks must be secure

13. Network Architecture Characteristics
Basic measures to secure data networks
Ensure confidentiality through use of
User authentication
Data encryption
Maintain communication integrity through use of
Digital signatures
Ensure availability through use of
Firewalls
Redundant network
architecture
Hardware without a single
point of failure

14. Data Representation Binary (Transmission, Path Calculation)
Decimal (IPv.4 Address, 4 Bytes)
Hexadecimal (MAC Address, 6 Bytes)
MAC Address → Hexadecimal (12 hexa digital)
one hexa digit = 4 bits, 12 * 4 = 48 bits (6 bytes)
Examples
IP Address :
MAC Address : FF-A2-BB-C0-E1-00
FF-FF-FF-FF-FF-FF