1. 6 Kingdom Classification System
Archaebacteria / Eubacteria

2. How we got to the 6 kingdom classification system we have today?
2 Kingdoms  Plants and Animals 3 Kingdoms  Added Protista (microorganisms) 4 Kingdoms  Added Fungi (molds and mushrooms) 5 Kingdoms  Added Monera (NO true nucleus) 6 Kingdoms  Monera are divided into: Archaebacteria / Eubacteria

3. The 5 Kingdoms

4. Monera - DIVIDED Archaebacteria – thrive in harsh conditions
- Cell wall and ribosomes
Example: methanogens, thermophiles, halophiles
Eubacteria – rigid surface (unusual cell wall)
Example: bacteria, cyanobacteria

5. 2.3 Viruses
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6. Viruses
Questions
Where do viruses fit into the model of the 6 Kingdom classification system?
Are viruses considered living organisms? 6 6

7. Viruses What are the characteristics of living organisms?
Living things…
are made of cells
grow and develop
reproduce
respond to their environment
adapt to their environment
obtain and use energy
produce wastes 7 7

8. Viruses More realistic size of a virus compared to an animal cell
Magnified image of a virus
Image of an animal cell
cells can fulfill all characteristics of life
viruses on their own can be considered lifeless chemicals, unless ……? 8 8

9. Viruses Answer … unless they are reproducing
viruses are not considered to be living organisms
because:
not made up of cells
only capable of 1 life function
i.e. reproduction & only within a living cell
outside cells, viruses are lifeless chemicals 9 9

10. Typical Viral Stucture
capsid:
protein coat for protection
core:
either DNA or RNA (genetic material)
Receptor sites:
spikes that help virus attach to its
specific host cell 10 10

11. Viral Capsids Numerous shapes Rods or filaments: Examples:
Tobacco Mosaic Virus
Ebola 11 11

12. Viral Capsids
Spherical:
Influenza
SARS
HIV
Smallpox 12 12

13. Viral Capsids Geometric Shapes: Adenovirus (colds) Bacteriophage T4
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20-sided polygon (icosahedron) 13 13

14. Viral Classification (human respiratory cells)
Viruses are generally classified by:
the organisms they infect
host range (cells that the virus can infect)
examples: a) cold virus
b) rabies
c) HIV
d) bacteriophage
structure
size and shape of the capsid
type genetic material
(human respiratory cells)
(nerve cells in dogs, rodents,
humans)
(human WBC)
(bacteria)
(DNA or RNA)
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15. Viral Size so small measured in units called nanometres (nm)
1nm = 1X10-9 m
(billionth of a metre)
size ranges from nm
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16. Homework
Questions page 107 # 1, 2, 5 – 8
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17. 5 Kingdom Classification System
Organisms
Prokaryotes
very tiny simple cells
no true nucleus
no organelles
Eukaryotes
larger more complex cells
have a nucleus
have numerous organelles
Cell Wall
No Cell Wall
Autotrophs
make their own
food by photo-
synthesis
Heterotrophs
can’t make their
own food
must eat other
organisms
Unicellular
Multicellular
2. Plants
Monera
3. Fungi
4.Protists
5. Animals
moss
ferns
yeast
mould
mushrooms
bacteria
amoeba
*algae
insects
fish

18. The 5 Kingdoms

19. Some examples of each of the 6 Kingdoms
3. Plants
2.Archaebacteria
Eubacteria
moss
ferns
methanogens
bacteria
6. Animals
5.Protists
insects
fish
4. Fungi
amoeba
*algae
yeast
mould
mushrooms

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