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Nervous System
Consists of the brain, nerves, and spinal cord
Coordinates all of the many activities of the body
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Neuron
A single nerve cell
Consists of a cell body, dendrites and an axon
Dendrites: Nerve fibers that carry impulses toward the neuron
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Axon: Single nerve fiber that carries impulses away from the neuron
Myelin Sheath: Covering of the axon that increases the rate an impulse travels
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4. 2 Main Divisions of the Nervous System
Central Nervous System
Consists of the brain and spinal cord
Peripheral Nervous System
Consists of the nerves
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5. Let’s talk about – The Brain
Cerebrum: Largest part of the brain
Contains 4 lobes
Frontal
Parietal
Temporal
Occipital
Responsible for reasoning, memory, thought, speech, sensation, sight, smell, hearing, and voluntary body movements
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6. Central Nervous System – The Brain (cont)
Cerebellum: Located below the back of the occipital lobe
Responsible for muscle coordination, balance, posture, and muscle tone
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7. Central Nervous System – The Brain (cont)
Diencephalon: Located between the cerebrum and midbrain
Contains 2 structures:
Thalmus: Responsible for relaying impulses (messages) to the cerebrum
Hypothalamus: Responsible for regulating temperature, & other functions
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8. Central Nervous System – The Brain (cont)
Midbrain: Top part of the brain stem
Pons: Middle part of the brain stem
Responsible for certain reflex actions such as chewing, tasting, saliva production and other functions
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Medulla oblongata: Bottom part of brain stem
Responsible for regulating heartbeat, respirations, swallowing, coughing, & blood pressure
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10. Let’s talk about – The Spinal Cord
Continues down from medulla oblongata
Surrounded and protected by the vertebrae
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11. Let’s talk about – The Spinal Cord
Responsible for many reflex actions
Carries sensory (things you sense) messages to the brain
Carries motor (tells your body to move/respond) message from the brain
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Meninges
Membranes that cover and protect the brain & spinal cord
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Meninges (cont)
Three layers:
Dura mater: Thick, tough outer layer
Arachnoid membrane: Middle layer; resembling a spider web
Pia mater: Innermost layer; attached to the brain & spinal cord
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Ventricles
Hollow spaces within the brain that are filled with CSF (ceberospinal fluid)
CSF:
Serves as a shock absorber to protect the brain & spinal cord
Carries nutrients to some part of the brain
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15. Peripheral Nervous System
Consists of:
Cranial nerves
Spinal nerves
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16. Peripheral Nervous System
Autonomic nervous system: A division of the peripheral nervous system
Divided into 2 parts that work together to maintain homeostasis (a balanced state in the body)
Sympathetic
Parasympathetic
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17. Peripheral Nervous System (cont)
Sympathetic Nervous System
Works during times of emergency when the brain senses danger
Causes increase in heart rate, blood pressure, respirations
Prepares the body for “fight or flight”
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18. Peripheral Nervous System (cont)
Parasympathetic Nervous System
After the emergency, works to calm the body down
Decreases heart rate, blood pressure, & respirations
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19. Copyright © 2004 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
Project
This is an individual project! It will be due on Friday 3/1/13
Select one of the Diseases or Abnormal Conditions on the next two slides
Create a Power Point presentation – you may use your book, one of the A&P books in the class or reputable internet site
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20. Power Point should Include
Name of the disease/disorder
Common Signs or symptoms
Cause
Treatment
Any Pictures or Images you may find
References
completed Power Point to
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21. Diseases and Abnormal Conditions
Cerebral palsy
Cerebrovascular accident (CVA)
Encephalitis
Epilepsy or seizure syndrome
Hydrocephalus
Meningitis
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22. Diseases and Abnormal Conditions (continued)
Multiple sclerosis (MS)
Neuralgia
Paralysis
Parkinson’s disease
Shingles or herpes zoster
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