1. Chap 10, pp. 298-304 only Radical Political Islam pp. 298-304

2. 20th Century Pan Arab Nationalism
Pan Arab Nationalist Regimes – Drew on western secularism & western modernity
“Nasserism” ( ) – Pan-Arab nationalist movement by Gemal Abdul Nasser in Egypt
“Ba’athism” – Arab nationalist type regimes (influenced in part by western secularism & socialism)
Iraq ( )
Syria ( Present)
Pro-western hereditary monarchies
Iran under the Shah of Iran (1965 – 1979)
Contemporary Examples: Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, Jordan
Radical Political Islam – Arose in Opposition to the Above
Starting with the 1979 Iranian Islamic Revolution against the Iranian Monarch (Shah)

3. Muslim Counter-Enlightenment
Radical Islamic movements reject the western Enlightenment tradition, especially the focus on secularism and “individual autonomy”
Radical Islam seeks a return to a more pure form of Islam, not tainted by secularism and modernity
Radical Islamists are opposed to:
Western modernity
Muslims who endorse the incorporation of Western modernity

4. Sayyid Qutb (1906-1966) and Radical Islam
Egyptian exile who criticized King Faruq’s pro-Western stance
Articulated a strong ideological reaction against Western modernity
Became important intellectual leader of the Muslim Brotherhood
Qutb rejected Nasser’s secularist pan-Arab project

5. Qutb and Radical Islam
Provided essential parts of the ideological foundation of Radical Islam
Non Muslims and Westernized Muslims suffer from “false consciousness”
Liberalism: sovereignty of individual; Socialism: sovereignty of the proletariat; Radical Islam: sovereignty of Allah
Under radical Islam, Jihad is no longer an inner struggle to follow the Qu’ran
Jihad becomes an outwards struggle or holy war against modernity, secularism, capitalism, sexual equality, etc.

6. Radical Islam & Political Program
Attack Muslims who embrace and institutionalize Western modernity
Wage jihad against forces of the West whose presence in Muslim lands represents corruption by an infidel “aggressor”
Education/indoctrination in religious schools (madrassas)
Use of violence and terror tactics by moderate Muslims across traditions, is of course, forbidden
Use of violence against Enlightenment modernity is associated only with radical forms of Islam