1. Nathan Hale HS West Allis, WI
Absolutism in
Central Europe
Nathan Hale HS West Allis, WI

2. The Hohenzollerns
&
Brandenburg-Prussia

3. Prussian Family Crest

4. Growth of Austria & Brandenburg-Prussia to 1748

5. Frederick William – the Great Elector
United Prussia and Brandenburg (his home) by following example set by Louis XIV
Established large standing army funded by strict tax code and governed by military commission
Welcomed French Protestants…

6. The Junkers
In quest to strengthen Prussia-Brandenburg, Frederick William developed partnership with nobles
Nobles were exempted from
taxation; heavy burden on
peasants
Nobles control lands/serfs
King can enforce without nobility

8. King Frederick I In Prussia (r.1701-1713) Frederick III of Brandenburg
Formerly:
Frederick III of Brandenburg
(r )
Continued consolidation of power
Frederick granted status of King (although Prussia not a kingdom) in return for military assistance to HRE in War of Spanish Succession

9. Frederick William I “Soldier King” 1713-1740
Absolute power (submit requests & decides…Kabinett)
General Directory consolidated all departments… easy control
Taxes on nobles/feudal dues = $
Perfect subject was smart, religious, and unquestioning

10. Prussian Army Districts had recruit levies
Tallest, slim, pale personal regiment
Military became highest social class
Junkers are attracted… puts king over nobility via command structure
Best drilled army, power not aggression
“other nations possessed armies, the Prussian army possessed its nation”

11. Europe in 1740

12. The Habsburgs
& the
Holy Roman Empire

13. Habsburg Family Crest

14. Austrian Empire:

15. Leopold I Holy Roman Emperor
Restricted Protestantism in realm
Secured Empire from final Ottoman attack (1683)

16. Charles VI Holy Roman Emperor
Issued Pragmatic Sanction to maintain the whole of Hapsburg possessions
Heir Maria Theresa ruled for next 40 Years

17. Schönbrunn Palace

18. Schönbrunn Palace

19. Schönbrunn Palace

20. Prussia & the Austrian Empire: 1721-72

21. Nathan Hale HS West Allis, WI
Early
Russian
History
Nathan Hale HS West Allis, WI

22. Topography of Russia

23. Themes in Russian History
Expansion by conquest.
Need for warm-water ports.
The necessity of a strong, central government.

24. Early Russia

25. Early Byzantine Influences: Orthodox Christianity

26. Early Byzantine Influences: Orthodox Christianity

27. Russian Boyars

28. The Mongols Invade Russia

29. Ivan the Great (r )
Ivan III Tearing the Great Khan’s Letter Requesting More Tribute in 1480.

30. Ivan III “The Great”
Moscow prince: buys/defeats Novgorod & other rivals
Tsar/autocratic rule
Stops recognizing Mongol authority
1453: Turks take Constantinople
Third (final) Rome – Caesars and Orthodoxy
Divine right and intersession
Move conquered nobles near Moscow
Land to the loyal (service nobility)

31. Russia in the Late 1500s

32. Ivan IV “The Terrible” Defeats Mongols
Uses secret police to eliminate rivals
Cossacks-were limited by tying them to the noble/land
Nobles must serve tsar to own land
Consolidation of power (service!)
Rule as head of house (over slaves, kids…)
Monopolies (trade/resources belong to the state)

33. Michael Romanov (r )

34. Michael Romanov Elected by nobles… restoration Cossack rebellions
Resistance to Patriarch Nikon’s reforms
Concept of Moscow being the Third Rome… damn Turks!

35. Romanov Dynasty ( )
Romanov Family Crest

36. The Pendulum of Russian History
Pro-West For Progress & Change Encourage New Ideas, Technologies, etc.
Anti-West Isolationist Xenophobic Ultra-Conservative
A few Tsars
Intellectual elites
Merchants/businessmen
Young members of the middle class.
Most Tsars
Russian Orthodox Church
Military
Boyars
peasants
REFORM-MINDED LEADER
DEMAGOGUE

37. Peter the Great (r )

38. Peter Make a standing army…infantry Unofficial tour of the West
Great Northern War (eventually beats Charles XII of Sweden)
Reforms
Service in civil/miltary for all nobles
Universities and academies
5 years away from home(noble boys)
Meritocracy
Serfs work in state owned mines/factories

39. More Western Influence Builds St. Petersburg in French/It way
No beards… beard tax
Educated nobility…court awarness

40. Russia & Sweden After the Great Northern War