1. SSUSH7
Investigate political, economic, and social developments during the Age of Jackson.

2. SSUSH7
a. Explain Jacksonian Democracy, including expanding suffrage, the Nullification Crisis and states' rights, and the Indian Removal Act.

3. Andrew Jackson: 7th President of the US
Political Party: Democratic-Republican
Would later become the leader of the modern day Democratic Party
Known as the “Common Man”
From Tennessee, born into poverty
War hero of the War of 1812
Supporter of states’ rights & slavery extension

4. Election of 1824 Presidential Election of 1824-
The rise of sectionalism began with the election candidates:
-- John Quincy Adams (Massachusetts)
-- William Crawford (Georgia)
-- Henry Clay (Kentucky)
-- Andrew Jackson (Tennessee)
The Election was a tie and was decided by the House of Representatives.

5. Election of 1824 “Corrupt Bargain”-
Only the top three candidates of the race were voted on by the House of Representatives.
Crawford dropped out due to health reasons.
Henry Clay backed John Quincy Adams because of personal feelings toward Andrew Jackson.
Clay became the Secretary of State under Adams.
Jackson supporters labeled the move a “corrupt bargain.”

6. Adams’ Unpopularity Unpopular Presidency-
Adams’ presidency was very disappointing as Andrew Jackson’s supporters in Congress made life difficult for the new president.
Led to a very contested race in 1828.
Andrew Jackson

7. Election of 1828 Presidential Election of 1828-
The race was heated as both Jacksonians and supporters of Adams traded negative ads in newspapers.
The challenger, Jackson carried the South and the West, while the incumbent Adams carried New England.
Jackson easily won the presidency.

8. Jacksonian Democracy Spoils System-
The policy of rewarding political supporters with positions within the government.
Democratic Party-
Jackson’s supporters broke with the Democratic-Republicans and formed the modern-day Democratic Party.

9. Jacksonian Democracy--Expanding suffrage:
Under Jackson’s presidency, states lowered the voting requirements, allowing all adult white males to vote

10. Nullification Crisis
In the early 1800s South Carolina’s economy began to weaken in part due to high government tariffs, or taxes, on imports
In 1828 Congress passed another tariff, which many called the Tariff of Abominations
South Carolina threatened to secede from the U.S. over the high tariffs
Why would tariffs hurt Southern states like South Carolina more than Northern States?

11. Nullification Crisis
Vice-President John C. Calhoun, from South Carolina, supported the idea of nullification, or the right of the states to declare federal laws null, or void
He declared that states had this power of nullification because the states had created the federal government

12. Nullification Crisis In 1832, Congress passed yet another tariff law
In November 1832, South Carolina declared the tariffs of 1828 and 1832 null, and refused to pay the federal government’s taxes on imports

13. Nullification Crisis
President Andrew Jackson ordered a warship to Charleston, viewing the nullification as a treasonous act
To ease tensions, Congress passed a bill that gradually lowered tariffs
South Carolina repealed its nullification of tariffs and the issue was temporarily solved
How was the Nullification Crisis
an example of sectionalism?

14. War on Native Americans
Indian Removal Act of 1830-
Under the Act, the United States forced Native Americans off its traditional lands in support of white settlement.
Native Americans were forced west of the Mississippi River.
Fighting broke out, but many nations peaceably migrated.

15. War on Native Americans
Indian Removal Act of 1830-

16. War on Native Americans
Worcester v. Georgia (1832)-
Supreme Court case which supported the Cherokee Nation to remain in Georgia, but Jackson snubbed the decision.
Chief Justice John Marshall battled Jackson in a war of words over the decision.

17. War on Native Americans
Trail of Tears (1837—38)-
Forced relocation of Georgia’s Cherokee Nation to Oklahoma.
During the forced migration, nearly 25% died due to disease and starvation.

18. SSUSH7
b. Explain how the North, South, and West were linked through industrial and economic expansion including Henry Clay and the American System.

19. Expansion: Henry Clay- Nationalist leader who proposed the
“American System” to improve the nation.
“American System”- Name applied to a series
of government measures to build infrastructure and the economy to create a diversified, self-sufficient economy.
Protective tariffs to encourage American manufacturing
New transportation systems built
A New national bank

20. Clay’s “American System”
Internal Improvements-
Funding for canals and roads increased the nation’s infrastructure (which connected its three regions: North, South, and West.
The largest projects were the National Road and Erie Canal.

21. Clay’s “American System”
Erie Canal-
Built from Lake Erie to the Hudson River.
Allowed the transport of goods and people from the Mid-west to the East Coast.
Boosted economy and population.

22. Erie Canal

23. Clay’s “American System”
National Road-
Built in 1811, paid for by the Nat’l Government
Built to connect the East Coast with the interior West.
Boosted trade and population into the Mid-west and Mississippi River Valley.

24. Clay’s “American System”
Second National Bank of the United States (1816—1836)-
The War of 1812 showed the weakness of the United States monetary supply.
Chartered for 20 years.
The bank provided much needed capital for internal improvements.

25. Religion & Social Reforms
c. Explain the influence of the Second Great Awakening on social reform movements, including temperance, public education, and women’s efforts to gain suffrage.

26. The Second Great Awakening:
Began in the early 1800s
Protestant preachers wanted to revive the role of religion in America, feeling that Americans had veered away from religion
Church membership increased drastically
Helped to motivate several social reforms in which Americans attempted to make ethical changes

27. TEMPERANCE MOVEMENT Prohibition or limit of alcohol ISSUE:
People should drink less alcohol or it should be completely outlawed

28. The Drunkard’s Progress

29. TEMPERANCE MOVEMENT
IMPACT:
per capita consumption cut in half between 1820 and 1840
Protest church organizations gain influence
Women played a key role, leads to the women’s
movement

30. Horace Mann led the reforms in Massachusetts.
EDUCATION REFORM
ISSUE:
Many areas didn’t have free public schools
School year was short
Teachers were untrained
Horace Mann led the reforms in Massachusetts.
Other states followed.

31. EDUCATION REFORM IMPACT:
Established the right of all children to an education
More tax supported public schools
Improved education by required teachers to be trained
reforms were still limited
1. no mandatory attendance
2. improvements only for white males
3. South far behind Northern advances

32. ABOLITION ISSUE: IMPACT: Abolitionists wanted to outlaw slavery.
Created a very controversial political issue over the future of slavery in the territories
Made Southerners defend slavery more strongly.

33. WOMEN’S RIGHTS Situation that existed
1. lacked legal & social equality
--could not vote (suffrage) sit on juries, own property, earn her own salary, no legal protection from abuse, not guardian of the children
2. “cult of domesticity”--women
were valued as the moral
guardians of the home, family,
& society

34. WOMEN’S RIGHTS WHAT WOMEN WANTED: Full citizenship Voting rights
Parental and custody rights
KEY LEADERS:
Elizabeth Cady Stanton Lucretia Mott

35. SENECA FALLS CONVENTION
Seneca Falls, NY
Led by: Lucretia Mott & Elizabeth Cady Stanton
adopted a “Declaration of Sentiments”
Declaration of Women’s Rights, including the right to vote (suffrage)
modeled after the Dec. of Ind.
IMPACT:
very few small changes
overshadowed by the bigger issue of Abolition

37. Slavery
d. Explain how the significance of slavery grew in American politics including slave rebellions and the rise of abolitionism.

38. Slavery and the Southern Economy
The South was mainly agricultural with very little manufacturing
The main crops during the mid 1800s were rice and cotton, both which required extensive labor to produce
Though slavery was prevalent in the South, the vast majority of Southerners did not own slaves

39. Nat Turner’s Revolt:
Slave Codes put restrictions on slaves, preventing them from learning to read and write and restricting their rights
Nat Turner, a Virginia slave, believed God had chosen him to lead a revolt
Turner and his followers killed more than 50 people before being caught
Turner’s Revolt led to states
passing even stricter codes
and restrictions on both
slaves and free African
Americans

40. Abolitionists:
Grimke Sisters: South Carolina sisters who moved north to promote the abolitionist movement
William Lloyd Garrison became one of the country’s leading abolitionist, publishing the pro-abolitionist newspaper the Liberator. He believed in complete emancipation
Fredrick Douglas, a former
slave from Maryland,
published the abolitionist
newspaper the North Star
and an autobiography