1. The Advanced Baseline Imager (ABI) on GOES-R
Tim Schmit
NOAA/NESDIS/STAR (formerly ORA)
Advanced Satellite Products Branch (ASPB)
Madison, WI
W. Paul Menzel, James Gurka, Mathew M. Gunshor
and many others
2nd Annual AMS Symposium
Future National Operational
Environmental Satellites
Wednesday, Feb 1, 2006
UW-Madison

2. Overview Overview ABI Select Products Possible scan scenarios
Fixed Grid Format
Summary
More information

3. Limitations of Current GOES Imagers
Regional/Hemispheric scan conflicts
Low spatial resolution
Missing spectral bands
Eclipse and related outages
GOES-N/O/P addresses one of the major imager limitations.
GOES-R addresses the first 3 limitations, while GOES-N addresses the data outage issues.

4. GOES-R Observational Requirements
Aerosol Detection
Aerosol Particle Size
Suspended Matter
Volcanic Ash
Aircraft Icing Threat
Cloud & Moisture Imagery
Cloud Imagery
Cloud Layers / Heights & Thickness
Cloud Particle Size Distribution
Cloud Base Height
Cloud Ice Water Path
Cloud Liquid Water
Cloud Optical Depth
Cloud Top Phase
Cloud Top Height
Cloud Top Pressure
Cloud Type
Cloud Top Temperature
Enhanced "V"/Overshooting Top Detection
Hurricane Intensity
Convection Initiation
Imagery: All-Weather / Day - Night
Lightning Detection
Low Cloud & Fog
Turbulence
Visibility
Geomagnetic Field
Derived Stability Indices
Atmospheric Vertical Temperature Profile
Rainfall Potential
Dust/Aerosol
Probability of Rainfall
Rainfall Rate
Atmospheric Vertical Moisture Profile
Capping Inversion Information
Moisture Flux
Total Precipitable Water
Total Water Content
Pressure Profile
Downward Solar Insolation
CO Concentration
Upward Longwave Radiation
Ozone Total
Downward Longwave Radiation
Radiances
Absorbed Shortwave Radiation
Reflected Solar Insolation
Fire / Hot Spot Imagery
Flood / Standing Water
Microburst Wind Speed Potential
Derived Motion Winds
SO2 Detection
Land Surface (Skin) Temperature
Clear Sky Masks
Surface Emissivity
Surface Albedo
Vegetation Fraction
Vegetation Index
Sea & Lake Ice / Displacement & Direction
Sea & Lake Ice / Age
Sea & Lake Ice / Concentration
Sea & Lake Ice / Extent & Characterization
Sea & Lake Ice / Surface Temp
Currents
Ocean Color
Ocean Optical Properties
Ocean Turbidity
Sea & Lake Ice / Extent & Edge
Sea & Lake Ice / Motion
Sea & Lake Ice / Thickness
Ice Cover / Landlocked
Snow Cover
Snow Depth
Sea Surface Temps
Energetic Heavy Ions
Solar & Galactic Protons
Solar Flux: EUV
Mag Electrons & Protons: Low Energy
Solar Flux: X-Ray
Mag Electrons & Protons: Med & High Energy
Solar Imagery: X-Ray
ABI – Advanced Baseline Imager
HES – Hyperspectral Environmental Suite
SEISS – Space Env. In-Situ Suite
SIS – Solar Instrument Suite
GLM – GOES Lightning Mapper
Magnetometer

5. Advanced Baseline Imager (ABI)
ITT Industries has been selected to build the ABIs
Completed a successful System Preliminary Design Review (December 2005)
“Notional Architecture”
ITT selected for GOES-R through GOES-U
Full Disk with
stepped-edge

6. The Advanced Baseline Imager:
ABI Current
Spectral Coverage
16 bands 5 bands
Spatial resolution
0.64 mm Visible km Approx. 1 km
Other Visible/near-IR 1.0 km n/a
Bands (>2 mm) 2 km Approx. 4 km
Spatial coverage
Full disk per hour Every 3 hours
CONUS per hour ~4 per hour
Mesoscale Every 30 sec n/a
Visible (reflective bands)
On-orbit calibration Yes No

7. Approximate spectral and spatial resolutions of US GOES Imagers
~ Band Center (um)
GOES-6/7
GOES-8/11
GOES-12/N
GOES-O/P
GOES-R+
0.47
0.64
0.86
1.6
1.38
2.2
3.9
6.2
6.5/6.7/7
14km
7.3
8.5
9.7
10.35
11.2
12.3
13.3
Visible
Near-IR
Box sizes represent detector sizes 8 4 2
0.40 inches = 4km; 0.80 inches = 8km
MSI is Multi-Spectral Imaging Mode (dashed boxes)
This does not show other improvements: SNR, MTF, bit-depth, navigation, coverage rates, etc.
“MSI mode”
Infrared

8. ABI Visible/Near-IR Bands
Schmit, T. J., M. M. Gunshor, W. P. Menzel, J. J. Gurka, J. Li, and A. S. Bachmeier, 2005: Introducing the next-generation Advanced Baseline Imager on GOES-R. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 86,

9. ABI IR Bands
Schmit, T. J., M. M. Gunshor, W. P. Menzel, J. J. Gurka, J. Li, and A. S. Bachmeier, 2005: Introducing the next-generation Advanced Baseline Imager on GOES-R. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 86,

10. ABI Noise and Max Temp Spec

11. Navigation Specifications

12. Visible and near-IR channels on the ABI
Snow, Phase
Part. size
Cirrus
Schmit, T. J., M. M. Gunshor, W. P. Menzel, J. J. Gurka, J. Li, and A. S. Bachmeier, 2005: Introducing the next-generation Advanced Baseline Imager on GOES-R. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 86,
Haze
Clouds
Veg.
The ABI visible and near-IR bands have many uses.

13. Schmit, T. J. , M. M. Gunshor, W. P. Menzel, J. J. Gurka, J. Li, and A
Schmit, T. J., M. M. Gunshor, W. P. Menzel, J. J. Gurka, J. Li, and A. S. Bachmeier, 2005: Introducing the next-generation Advanced Baseline Imager on GOES-R. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 86,
While there are differences, there are also many similarities for the spectral bands on MET-8 and the Advanced Baseline Imager (ABI). Both the MET-8 and ABI have many more bands than the current operational imagers.

14. Three-color composite (0. 64, 1
Three-color composite (0.64, 1.6 and 11 µm) shows the low cloud over the snow and the water versus ice clouds.
Low
cloud
Snow

15. One day after the Mt. Cleveland eruption
Volcanic Ash Plume: and μm images
One day after the Mt. Cleveland eruption
20 February 2001, 8:45 UTC
UW/CIMSS
Simulated
ABI
(11-12 μm)
Simulated
ABI
( μm)
Poster…Ellrod

16. GOES-R ABI will detect SO2 plumes
Water Vapor Band Difference convolved from AIRS data
sees SO2 plume from Montserrat Island, West Indies
SO2 Plume
Current GOES Imager
No skill in monitoring
Current GOES can detect an ash cloud.
Image on Right from:
Schmit, T. J., M. M. Gunshor, W. P. Menzel, J. J. Gurka, J. Li, and A. S. Bachmeier, 2005: Introducing the next-generation Advanced Baseline Imager on GOES-R. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 86,
Current GOES Imager can not
detect SO2
ABI 7.34 μm – 13.3 μm

17. Simulations of Southern California Fires
GOES-R and GOES-I/M
Simulations of Southern California Fires
GOES-12 Simulated 3.9 micron Data
Padua/Grand Prix Fires
Date: 27-Oct Time: 09:50 UTC
GOES-R Simulated 3.9 micron Data
Padua/Grand Prix Fires
Date: 27-Oct Time: 09:50 UTC
MODerate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) observations of fires in Southern California in October 2003 were used to simulate current GOES Imager and future GOES-R Advanced Baseline Imager (ABI) fire monitoring capabilities. These simulations demonstrate that enhanced ABI spatial and radiometric performance will allow for improved sub-pixel fire detection and characterization of fire dynamics.
From Elaine Prins and all
Brightness Temperature (K) 12

18. Mountain Waves in WV channel (6.7 µm)
7 April 2000, 1815 UTC
Simulated ABI
Actual GOES-8
Schmit, T. J., M. M. Gunshor, W. P. Menzel, J. J. Gurka, J. Li, and A. S. Bachmeier, 2005: Introducing the next-generation Advanced Baseline Imager on GOES-R. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 86,
Mountain waves over Colorado and New Mexico were induced by strong northwesterly flow associated with a pair of upper-tropospheric jet streaks moving across the elevated terrain of the southern and central Rocky Mountains. The mountain waves appear more well-defined over Colorado; in fact, several aircraft reported moderate to severe turbulence over that region.
Both images are shown in GOES projection.
UW/CIMSS

19. “ABI”

20. GOES

21. 5 March 2001 - Nocturnal Fog/Stratus Over the Northern Plains
Schmit, T. J., M. M. Gunshor, W. P. Menzel, J. J. Gurka, J. Li, and A. S. Bachmeier, 2005: Introducing the next-generation Advanced Baseline Imager on GOES-R. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 86,
“ABI” 4 minus 11 μm Difference
ABI image (from MODIS) shows greater detail in structure of fog.

22. 5 March 2001 - Nocturnal Fog/Stratus Over the Northern Plains
Schmit, T. J., M. M. Gunshor, W. P. Menzel, J. J. Gurka, J. Li, and A. S. Bachmeier, 2005: Introducing the next-generation Advanced Baseline Imager on GOES-R. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 86,
GOES minus 11 μm Difference
ABI image (from MODIS) shows greater detail in structure of fog.

23. Proxy data demonstration
MSG/SEVIRI data used
Similar bands on the ABI
Improved (compared to current GOES) temporal and spatial resolutions
Dust product demonstration included
Additional simulations will be part of the AWG (Algorithm Working Group) effort

24. Aerosol/Dust Optical Thickness Retrieval Using ABI
Results from

25. Using MODIS, MET-8 and AIRS to simulate the spectral bands on the Advanced Baseline Imager (ABI)
April 11, 2004
Schmit, T. J., M. M. Gunshor, W. P. Menzel, J. J. Gurka, J. Li, and A. S. Bachmeier, 2005: Introducing the next-generation Advanced Baseline Imager on GOES-R. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 86,

26. Similar bands on the GOES-12 Imager
April 11, 2004

27. Aerosols Vegetation Cirrus Clouds Snow Particle size Upper-level SO2
Using MODIS, MET-8 and AIRS to simulate the spectral bands on the Advanced Baseline Imager (ABI)
“0.64m”
“0.86m”
“1.38m”
“1.61m”
“2.26m”
“3.9m”
“6.19m”
“6.95m”
“7.34m”
“0.47m”
“8.5m”
“9.61m”
“10.35m”
“11.2m”
“12.3m”
“13.3m”
Aerosols
Vegetation
Cirrus Clouds
Snow
Particle size
Upper-level
SO2
Cloud phase
Total Ozone
Water Vapor
April 11, 2004
Schmit, T. J., M. M. Gunshor, W. P. Menzel, J. J. Gurka, J. Li, and A. S. Bachmeier, 2005: Introducing the next-generation Advanced Baseline Imager on GOES-R. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 86,
Surface
features
Low-level
Moisture

28. Current GOES scans 5 times slower
than the ABI
There are two anticipated scan modes for the ABI:
- Full disk images every 15 minutes + CONUS images every 5 minutes + mesoscale.
or - Full disk every 5 minutes.

29. Approx. size of CONUS
ABI can offer Continental US images every 5 minutes for routine monitoring of a wide range of events (storms, dust, volcanoes, fires, hurricanes, etc).
This is only every 15 or 30 minutes with the current GOES the routine mode.

30. Approx. size of CONUS

31. “Franklin”
Approx. size of meso-scale showing “Franklin”.
Mesoscale images every 30 seconds for rapidly changing phenomena (thunderstorms, hurricanes, fires, etc). Current GOES can not offer these rapid scans while still scanning other important regions

32. Draft GOES-R 3-hour schedule for the ABI
MSS = Mesoscale Scans from the ABI
CONUS = Continental US
FD = Full imaging disk scan
For a one telescope solution to HES, scanning utilizing ABI may be invoked as listed here. Recall that ABI can provide a 15 minute full disk, 5 minute CONUSs, and 30 minutes mesoscales or it can observe 5 minute full disks exclusively.
This is a combination of mode 3 (“Flex” and mode 4 “Continuous Full Disk”).

33. Fixed Grid Format
The distributed, calibrated and navigationally corrected image data will be rectified [re-grid] to a fixed grid. The grid is defined relative to an ideal geostationary satellite viewpoint centered and fixed above the equator. The image pixels will have an angular separation in both the East/West and North/South directions of:
14 microradians (0.5 km) in the 0.64 micron channel,
28 microradians (1 km) in the 0.47, 0.86 and 1.61 um channel,
56 microradians (2 km) in all other channels.
This concept is similar to EUMETSAT images.

34. Summary
The great amount of information from the GOES-R ABI will offer a continuation of current products and services.
These products, based on validated requirements, will cover a wide range of phenomena. This includes applications relating to: weather, ocean, land, climate, and hazards.
The ABI improves over the current GOES Imager the spectral, temporal, spatial and radiometric performance.
The Advanced Baseline Imager (ABI), along with the Hyperspectral Environmental Suite (HES), and the Geostationary Lightning Mapper (GLM) on GOES-R will enable much improved monitoring compared to current capabilities.

35. More information -- ABI
AMS BAMS article by Schmit et al. from August 2005
ABI Research Home page:
NOAA GOES-R page:
GOES and MODIS Galleries:
ABI Documentation from NASA:
ABI Simulated Spectral Response functions:
ftp://ftp.ssec.wisc.edu/ABI/SRF