1. US History Chapter 6 Section 3
Theodore Roosevelt’s Square Deal

2. Main Idea
Theodore “Teddy” Roosevelt used the power of the presidency to push for progressive reforms in business and in the environmental policy

3. Reading Focus
What was Theodore Roosevelt's view of the role of the president?
How did Roosevelt’s attempt to regulate big business?
What was Roosevelt’s philosophy about conserving the envirnoment, and how did he carry out his philosophy?

4. Roosevelt’s Rise to Presidency
Roosevelt came into office in 1901 and served until 1909 and is considered the first modern President because he significantly expanded the influence and power of the executive office
1884- Mother and wife died on same day- moved out west to ranch
1886- Moved back to NYC and married wife Edith Carrow (six kids)
Politics: Civil Service Commissioner
President NYC Police Board
Assistant Secretary to the Navy
Led Governor of NY
“Rough Vice President 1900
Riders” President (Upon McKinley assassination)
in Spanish-American war (age 42)

5. Taking Office
Roosevelt viewed the presidency as a “bully pulpit” where he could publicize his important issues
Roosevelt’s first challenge was the Pennsylvania Coal Strike of 1902
> Higher wages
> shorter hours Roosevelt’s
> recognition of their union Arbitration
This is the first time the federal government had intervened in a strike to protect the interests of workers and the public
Square Deal became the entire slogan for his presidency:
“Every person shall receive a square deal”
Square Deal

6. KNOW THIS!!!!!!
Needs of workers, business, and consumer should be balanced
Improve working conditions
SQUARE DEAL
Limiting the power of trusts
Promoting public health and safety

7. Regulating Big Businesses
Roosevelt believed big businesses was essential to nation’s
growth but insisted companies behave accordingly
Roosevelt concentrated on big corporations to ensure no misconduct
Trust- Busting: JP Morgan, James Hill, and E.H. Harriman joined their railroads to create a monopoly (Northern Securities Company)
* Roosevelt sued via US Supreme Court who ruled the company did
violate the Sherman Anti-trust Act *
“Led to more lawsuits”
Regulation of the railroads
- Railroads commonly granted discounts to big corporations but the farmers suffered and paid the larger price Led to “Elkins Act” No rebates
Same price
- Hepburn Act of strengthened the ICC
giving it the power to regulate other companies
involved in interstate commerce

8. Explain Cartoon

9. Foods and Medicines
Roosevelt responded to the growing concern about the selling of unhealthy foods and drugs
>Tainted foods
> Ineffective or dangerous medicines
Upton Sinclair (Muckraker) wrote “The Jungle” which exposed the unsanitary meatpacking industries
> Roosevelt investigated these reports of bad food
Led to:
Meat inspection Act required federal inspection of meat shipped across state lines
Pure Food and Drug Act- Forbade the manufacture, sale, transportation of food and medicine containing harmful ingredients / Also required food and medicine containers to carry accurate ingredient labels

10. Environmental Conservation
Roosevelt believed the natural resources needed to be preserved
but the environment had never been regulated
> Roosevelt wanted land to be used for variety of reasons
- Some land to be preserved as wilderness
- Some land to be used as economical productive areas
- Created US Forest Service
- Created National Parks / Monuments
Newlands Reclamation Act- Authorized irrigation projects to make dry land more productive (launched more than 20 million reclamation projects)
During Roosevelt’s presidency, the U.S. Forest Service added nearly 150 million acres to the national forests, controlled their use, and regulated their harvest
Environmental Conservation was Roosevelt’s Biggest Legacy

11. Federal conservation lads in west 1908
Pg 188

12. Progressivism